Untitled Deck Flashcards
1
Q
Normal ICP in pedia
A
5-15 mmHg
2
Q
Cushing’s Triad
A
Hyper,Brady,Brady
3
Q
3 Signs of Shock
A
Hypo,Tachy,Tachy
4
Q
Normal Pulse Pressure
A
30-40 mmHg
5
Q
How many months anterior fontanel(diamond) close?
A
12-18 months
6
Q
How many months posterior fontanel(triangle) close?
A
2-3 months
7
Q
Early sign of ICP in infant
A
High Pitched Cry
8
Q
Early sign of ICP in child
A
Irritability and Agitation
9
Q
Early sign of ICP in adult
A
Restlessness
10
Q
Early sign of ICP in older adult(geria)
A
Confusion/ALOC
11
Q
Earliest sign of ICP
A
Headache
12
Q
Where sodium goes?
A
Water Follows
13
Q
Mgt of ICP: Position?
A
Semi-Fowlers
14
Q
Mgt of ICP: Avoid?
A
Coughing & Sneezing
-can increase ICP
15
Q
Mgt of ICP: Limit Fluid intake(amount)
A
1200-1500 ml/day
16
Q
What are the 4 Drug of Choice of ICP?
A
Diuretics, Corticosteroids, Anticonvulsant, Antacids
17
Q
DOC of ICP: To decrease fluid in the extracellular and intravascular space
A
Diuretics
-LASIX
-MANNITOL
18
Q
DOC of ICP: Diuretic drug that act in localized effect
A
LASIX
19
Q
DOC of ICP: Diuretic drug that act in generalized effect
A
MANNITOL
20
Q
DOC of ICP: To prevent cerebral edema
A
Corticosteroids
-Decadron (Dexamethasone)
21
Q
DOC of ICP: To prevent seizure episodes
A
Anticonvulsants
22
Q
DOC of ICP: To Neutralize acidity
A
Antacids
-Mg (mag-tae)
-Al (ala-tae)
23
Q
DOC of ICP: To prevent clumping of blood
A
Anticoagulant
-Heparin (ptt)
-Warfarin (pt)
24
Q
Opiates and Sedatives are contraindicated in Increase ICP to prevent?
A
Respiratory and Cardiac Depression (Cushing’s Triad)
25
Erratic Transmission of Impulses
Seizure Disorder(Epilepsy)
26
6 Types of Seizures
Grand Mal
Petit Mal
Jacksonian
Psychomotor
Febrile
Status Epilepticus
27
Also know as Generalized Seizure
Grand Mal
28
2 Phases of Grand Mal Seizure
Tonic-Clonic (during)
Post Ictal (exhaustion,after)
29
Type of seizure manifest blank facial expression, automatisms, lips smacking
Petite Mal/Absent Seizure
30
Tonic Clonic group of muscle
Jacksonian
31
Mental Clouding & Intoxication
Psychomotor
32
Under 5+ Seizure and Temp 38.5-40 C
Febrile
33
Life-threatening and Emergency Seizure lasting for 30 minutes
Status Epilepticus
34
Mgt of Seizure: Position for Tonic-Clonic(during)
Flat/Supine
- Protect the head
35
Mgt of Seizure: Position for Post-Ictal(after)
Side-lying
- Prevent Aspiration
36
What are the 4 drug of choice for seizure
Hydantoin (Phenytoin)
Benzodiazepines (Anxiolytics)
Iminostilbenes (Carbamazepines)
Valproates (Valproic Acid)
37
DOC of Seizure: To decrease seizure episodes
Benzodiazepines(Anxiolytics)
38
DOC of Seizure: To prevent recurrence of seizure
Iminostilbenes (Carbamazepines)
39
DOC of Seizure: The last resort due to hepatotoxicity and never given to pregnant
Valproates (Valproic Acid)
40
What is the nursing management for patients taking Hydantoin (Phenytoin)?
WOF: Gingival Hyperplasia
- use soft bristle toothbrush, meticulous oral care
- Inform SO for pinkish-red urine
41
Infection of the meninges
Bacterial Meningitis
42
Diagnostic Test for Bacterial Meningitis?
Lumbar Puncture(L3,L4,L5)
43
Positive CSF analysis of Meningitis
Cloudy, Elevated, WBC, Elevated CHON
44
Causative Agent for Bacterial Meningitis
Neisseria Meningtides
45
Signs and Symptoms of Bacterial Meningitis
- Postive Kernig's Sign and Brudzinski Sign
- Nucchal Rigidity(stiff neck)
- Seizures
-Opisthotonus
46
Pain upon flexion of nape in the neck and back
Brudzinski Sign B(atok)
47
Pain in the hamstring, back and neck
Kernig's Sign K(nee)
48
Arching of the back
Opisthotonus
49
Jarring of the brain (forceful contact in rigid skull)
Concussion
50
Bruising and Structural Alteration
Contusion
51
Prevention for Head Trauma (Car Seat): <3 years old
Rear facing(Protect the spine)
52
Prevention for Head Trauma (Car Seat): >3 years old
Front/Forward Facing Booster Seat
53
Used for assessing for cerebral functioning
GCS and PERRLA
54
Most important prognostic indicator for head trauma
Level of Consciousness
55
Absence of cyanosis(1 problem only)
Acyanotic
56
Presence of cyanosis (2 or more problems)
Cyanotic
57
Cyanotic/Acyanotic: Tetralogy of Fallot
Cyanotic
58
Cyanotic/Acyanotic: Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Acyanotic
59
Cyanotic/Acyanotic: Coarctation of Aorta
Acyanotic
60
Machinery like murmur
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
61
Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure
Poor feeding, fatigue, poor weight gain
62
Birthweight is doubled during?
6 months
63
Birthweight is tripled during?
12 months
64
Signs and symptoms of cerebral hypoxia
Irritability
65
This drug facilitates closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Prostaglandin Inhibitor
- Indomethacin
66
Signs and symptoms of Atrial and Ventricular Septal Defect
Fatigue, Dyspnea on exertion, Failure to thrive
67
Surgery of choice for patient with A&V Septal Defect?
Dacron Patch
68
2 Types Dacron Patch
Tissue and Plastic
69
Most favorable type of Dacron patch that decrease rejection rate
Tissue
70
This type of Dacron Patch causes increase rejection rate
Plastic
71
Narrowing of the Aorta (Descending)
Coarctation of Aorta
72
Signs & Symptoms of Coarctation of Aorta (Upper Extremity)
Elevated BP and Bounding Pulse
73
Signs & Symptoms of Coarctation of Aorta (Lower Extremity)
Lower BP and Absent Pulse
74
Surgery: Coarctation of Aorta
Balloon Angioplasty with Coronary Stenting
75
What is the primary problem for patient having tetralogy of fallot?
Pulmonary Stenosis
76
What is the compensatory mechanism for patient having tetralogy of fallot?
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
77
What allows the mixing of blood for patient having tetralogy of fallot?
Overriding of Aorta
78
What keeps the patient alive in tetralogy of fallot?
Ventricular Septal Defect
79
Hall Mark sign of TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
DECREASE OXYGENATION
80
Patient with TET SPELLS manifest?
Irritability, Convulsions, Blackout, Pallor, Cardiomegaly, Clubbing(chronic hypoxia)
81
Boot-shaped Heart seen 2D Echo
Tetralogy of Fallot
82
Mgt for Tetralogy of Fallot: Position?
Allow the child to Squat
83
Palliative Surgery: Tetralogy of Fallot anastamosis of pulmonary artery and aorta(subclavian artery)
Blalock Taussig Shunt
84
Curative Surgey: Tetralogy of Fallot (2) Intracardiac surgery/Brocks Procedure
Balloon Angioplasty
Dacron Patch
85
This condition keeps the patient alive by PDA
Transposition of Great Arteries (TOGA)
86
Signs and Symptoms: Transposition of Great Arteries (TOGA)
Severe Respiratory Depression and Cyanosis
87
DOC of TOGA: This keeps the PDA open
Prostaglandin
88
Surgery of choice: TOGA done during the first week of life
Arterial Switch/ Jatene Surgery
89
This condition is cause by GABHS
Rheumatic Heart Fever
90
This criteria is diagnostic basis for Minor and Major symptoms
JONES CRITERIA
91
Major Symptoms: RHF
Carditis, Polyarthritis, Chorea(St Vitus/wormlike dance
92
Minor Symptoms: RHF
Low grade fever, Arthralgia, Elevated ASO titer (Anti Strepto Lysin-o)
93
DOC for RHF
Penicillin
if with allergy: Clindamycin/Erythromycin
93
DOC RHF: For Pain and Swelling
ASPIRIN 4(A's)
-Antiplatelet
-Antipyretic
-Analgesic
-Anti-inflammatory
94
DOC RHF: Relieves Carditis
Corticosteroids
95
Insufficient Cardiac Output
Heart Failure
96
What are the 2 types of Heart Failure
RSHF (Systemic)
LSHF (Pulmonic)
97
This type of Heart failure present systemic signs and symptoms
RSHF (Systemic)
98
This type of Heart failure present pulmonary signs and symptoms
LSHF (Pulmonic)
99
Diagnostic Test: Heart Failure where cardiomegaly can be seen
Chest X-Ray
100
Diagnostic Test: Heart Failure where there is Hypokinetic Heart (late)
2D ECHO
101
Diagnostic Test: For LSHF
Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP)
Normal: 4-12 mmHg
102
Diagnostic Test: For RSHF
Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
103
Management of Heart Failure
> F-A-I-L-U-R-E
Fowlers
Administer O2
Inotropic
Lanoxin/Digoxin
Urine Intake & Output Monitoring
Record Daily Weight
Edminister Diuretics
104
Patient taking with Lanoxin/Digoxin should be monitor for?
Toxicity: NAVDA
105
Signs and Symptoms of Digoxin Toxicity
Nausea
Anorexia
Visual Disturbance/Vomiting
Diarrhea
Abdominal Cramps
106
What is the antidote for Digoxin toxicity?
Digibind/Digoxin Immunofab
107
Hallmark sign of Kawasaki Disease?
Strawberry Tongue
108
Skin disease condition of Kawasaki Disease
POLYMORPHUS RASH (different kinds of shape,color, size)
109
Diagnostic Test Kawasaki Disease: Inflammatory Marker
ELEVATED ESR
110
Mgt of Kawasaki Disease: Enhance Immune Response
Immunoglobulins
111
Mgt of Kawasaki Disease: Diet to monitor blood in the stool
Clear Liquid Diet
112
Cleft Palate are more common in?
Female
113
Mgt for Cleft Lip: For easier sucking of nipples
Large nipples with criss-cross (+)
114
A surgical repair of cleft lip
Cheiloplasty
115
Cleft Lip: Rule of 10
10 wks + 10K wbc
10 lbs + 10g/dl hgb
116
Mgt for Cleft Lip: Position?
Unaffected Site
117
Mgt for Cleft Lip: Monitor for?
Frequent Swallowing
Bleeding
118
Mgt for Cleft Palate: To prevent trauma and precise & accurate fluid flow
Rubber Tipped
119
A surgical repair of Cleft Palate
Palatoplasty/ Palatorrhapy
120
Mgt for Cleft Palate after surgery: Position?
Prone Position
121
Incompetent Lower Esophageal Spinchter (LES)
Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease also know as Chalasia
122
Sign and Symptoms of GERD
Forceful vomiting, heartburn, bitter taste, dysphagia, hoarseness
123
Diagnostic Test: GERD
Barium Swallow (>2 days)
124
If there's increase stretch in the stomach, there is also increase in?
Contraction
125
DIET: GERD
- Low Fat, High Fiber
- (SFF)
126
DOC for GERD
- Antacids
- H2 Blockers
- PPI
127
Narrowing of Pyloric Sphincter & Olive shaped mass
Pyloric Sphincter
128
Mgt for Pyloric Stenosis
Monitor Feeding Pattern
Assess Vomitus
Increase OFI
Prevent Aspiration
Burp Frequently
129
Surgery for Pyloric Stenosis: Incision that splits the obstruction
Pyloromyotomy
- position in High Fowlers Position
130
Condition where there is malabsorption of gluten
CELIAC DISEASE/CELIAC SPRUE/GLUTEN SENSITIVE ENTEROPATHY
131
Signs and Symptoms of Celiac Disease
Acute Diarrhea, Steatorrhea,Anorexia,Vomiting, Sever Abdominal Distention,Cachexia,Failure to thrive,
132
Confirmatory Test: Celiac Disease
Bowel Biopsy
-seen: flat mucosal surface with hyperplastic villous atrophy
133
Foods to avoid patients with Celiac Disease
BROW(Barley, Rye, Oat, Wheat)
134
Diet for patients with Celiac Disease
Gluten Free Diet FOR LIFE
135
Also known as Congenital Aganglionic Mega Colon
Hirschsprung Disease
136
Absence of ganglions responsible for peristalsis
Hirschsprung Disease
137
Failure to pass meconium for 24-48 hrs
Hirschsprung Disease
138
Confirmatory Test for Hirschsprung Disease
Rectal Biopsy
139
Surgery of Choice for Hirschsprung disease: End to End Anastamosis
Swenson Pullthrough with temporary colostomy
140
Normal characteristics of the Stoma
Pinkish, Moist, Slightly elevated
141
Foods to allow for patients with Hirschsprung disease
Spinach, Barsley, Yogurt, Broccoli
142
Appropriate exercise for patient with hirschsprung disease
Abdominal Exercise
143
Telescoping of the colon
Intussusception
144
Sausage-shaped mass
Intussusception
145
Signs and symptom of Intussusception
Colicky Pain, Currant Jelly-Like Stool, Bile-Stained Fecal Emesis
146
Diagnostic Test for: Intussusception
Guaiac's Test/Occult Blood Test
147
Important nursing mgt prior to Guaiac's Test/Occult Blood Test
- Avoid Dark Color foods(cause false positive result)
- Vitamin C rich foods (cause false negative result)
148
4 Functions of NGT
Feeding
Irrigation
Decompression
Medications
149
Narrowing of airway due to viral inflammation
Croup
150
Pathognomonic sign of Croup
Barking-Seal Like Cough
151
Pulmonary Signs and Symptoms of Croup
-str(I)dor: Inspiratory
-whEEzEs: Expiratory
-Dyspnea
152
Nursing Mgt for Croup
- Increase humidity(cool mist) to enhance gas exchange
- Inhale cool night air/warm bathroom air to promote bronchodilation
153
Important nursing mgt for Croup in case for emergency
Tracheostomy set at the bedside
154
DOC for Croup (Main Medication)
Antiviral "VIR"
155
Severe complication for CROUP
Epiglottitis
156
Blockage of the exocrine(mucus)
Cystic Fibrosis
157
Signs and Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis
Pancreatitis, Meconium Ilues, Salty Sweat
158
Confirmatory test for Cystic Fibro: where there is increase chloride levels in the sweat
Sweat Chloride Test
159
Nursing Mgt for Cystic Fibrosis: removal of mucus in the lungs
CPT-Percussion, Vibration, Postural Drainage
160
Nursing Mgt for CPT
- Empty stomach
- before meals or 2 hrs after meal
- Oral Care after
161
DOC for Cystic Fibrosis
- Pancreatic Enzymes with meals
- Never double the dosage
162
Condition where cause allergic hypersensitivity reactions and its reversible
Asthma
163
What are the common allergens
Pollen, molds, dust, weeds(sea), pet danders, eggs, sea foods
164
Important Nursing Mgt for Asthma
- Avoid Extreme Cold/ Heat conditions
- Avoid Air Pollutants
- Oxygen Therapy
165
Severe complication for Asthma: Absence of wheezing leads to complete obstruction
Status Asthmaticus
166
DOC for Asthma
Bronchodilators & Corticosteroids
