Untitled Deck

Question 1

What are plants classified as?

Answer 1

Living organisms

Question 2

What do plants need to take from their environment?

Answer 2

Substances

Question 3

What do plants need to remove from their environment?

Answer 3

Waste

Question 4

How does the surface area to volume ratio change in larger plants?

Answer 4

It decreases

Question 5

What do larger plants require due to their smaller surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 5

Specialised exchange surfaces and a transport system

Question 6

What are the activity levels of plants generally like?

Answer 6

Low

Question 7

What does the low activity level in plants imply about their respiration levels?

Answer 7

They are low

Question 8

How can the oxygen requirement of plants be met?

Answer 8

By diffusion

Question 9

What is the demand for water and sugars in a plant?

Answer 9

High

Question 10

Where are sugars in a plant made?

Answer 10

At the leaves

Question 11

How do plants absorb water and minerals?

Answer 11

Through the soil

Question 12

What transport systems do plants need?

Answer 12

To take water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and sugars from the leaves to the whole plant

Question 13

What are the two vascular tissues in plants?

Answer 13

Xylem and phloem

Question 14

What does the xylem transport?

Answer 14

Soluble mineral ions and water

Question 15

What does the phloem transport?

Answer 15

Assimilates such as sugars

Question 16

What is a Dicotyledonous plant?

Answer 16

A plant with two seed leaves and a characteristic distribution of vascular tissue

Question 17

How is the vascular tissue distributed in dicotyledonous plants?

Answer 17

Throughout the plant

Question 18

In dicotyledonous plants, what is found together in vascular bundles?

Answer 18

Xylem and phloem

Question 19

What other types of tissue may be found in vascular bundles besides xylem and phloem?

Answer 19

Collenchyma and sclerenchyma

Question 20

True or False: Xylem and phloem are always found separately in plants.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The xylem and phloem in dicotyledonous plants may contain other types of tissue such as _______.

Answer 21

Collenchyma and sclerenchyma- support and strengthen the plant

Question 22

What is found at the center of a young root?

Answer 22

The vascular bundle

The vascular bundle contains xylem and phloem.

Question 23

What shape does the xylem form in a young root?

Answer 23

X-shaped core

This structure is crucial for the strength of the root.

Question 24

Where is the phloem located in relation to the xylem in the young root?

Answer 24

Between the arms of the xylem tissue

This arrangement helps in the structural integrity of the root.

Question 25

What provides strength to withstand pulling forces on roots?

Answer 25

The arrangement of xylem and phloem ## Footnote The X shape of xylem is critical for this strength.

Question 26

What surrounds the vascular bundle in a young root?

Answer 26

The endodermis ## Footnote The endodermis is involved in water transport.

Question 27

What is located inside the endodermis in a young root?

Answer 27

A layer of plant stem cells called the pericycle ## Footnote The pericycle is part of the meristematic tissue.

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The vascular bundle is found at the _______ of a young root.

Answer 28

centre

Question 29

True or False: The phloem is located outside the xylem in a young root.

Answer 29

False ## Footnote The phloem is located between the arms of the xylem.

Question 30

What do vascular bundles form in a leaf?

Answer 30

The midrib and veins of a leaf

Question 31

What type of leaf has a branching network of veins that get smaller as they spread away from the midrib?

Answer 31

A dicotyledonous leaf

Question 32

In each vein of a leaf, where is the xylem located in relation to the phloem?

Answer 32

The xylem is located at the top of the phloem

Question 33

What are the two main types of vascular tissue found in the stem?

Answer 33

Xylem and phloem ## Footnote Xylem is responsible for water transport, while phloem transports nutrients.

Question 34

Where are the vascular bundles located in the stem?

Answer 34

Near the outer edge of the stem ## Footnote This positioning is crucial for the plant's structural integrity.

Question 35

How do vascular bundles differ between non-woody and woody plants?

Answer 35

In non-woody plants, bundles are separate and discrete; in woody plants, they are separate in young stems and form a continuous ring in older stems. ## Footnote This transition provides strength and flexibility.

Question 36

What is the function of the cambium in the vascular bundle?

Answer 36

It serves as a meristematic layer. ## Footnote Cambium is responsible for the growth of new xylem and phloem cells.

Question 37

In which part of the vascular bundle is xylem located?

Answer 37

Inside the vascular bundle ## Footnote Xylem is positioned to effectively transport water from the roots.

Question 38

In which part of the vascular bundle is phloem located?

Answer 38

Outside the vascular bundle ## Footnote Phloem is responsible for transporting nutrients produced by photosynthesis.

Question 39

True or False: In woody plants, the vascular bundles are always separate.

Answer 39

False ## Footnote In older stems of woody plants, the bundles become a continuous ring.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The cambium is a type of _______ tissue.

Answer 40

[meristematic] ## Footnote Meristematic tissue is involved in the growth of plants.

Question 41

What structural advantage does the continuous ring of vascular bundles in older woody stems provide?

Answer 41

Strength and flexibility ## Footnote This adaptation helps the plant withstand bending forces.

Question 42

What are the main components of xylem tissue?

Answer 42

Xylem tissue contains: * vessels for transport of water and minerals * fibres for support * parenchyma tissue to separate and support the vessels

Question 43

What are tracheids in xylem tissue?

Answer 43

Tracheids are elongated cells that transport water and mineral salts through the xylem of vascular plants

Question 44

What is the role of sclerenchyma in xylem tissue?

Answer 44

Sclerenchyma are packing cells that provide strength and support

Question 45

What are xylem vessels made from?

Answer 45

Xylem vessels are made from dead, waterproof cells reinforced with lignin

Question 46

What is the function of lignin in xylem vessels?

Answer 46

Lignin prevents the vessel from collapsing and keeps it open to water at all times

Question 47

How does lignin contribute to the structure of xylem vessels?

Answer 47

Lignin forms spiral rings or broken rings (reticulate) to prevent the vessel from being rigid

Question 48

What are bordered pits and their function in xylem?

Answer 48

Bordered pits are formed where lignification is not finished, allowing water to leave the xylem

Question 49

How are bordered pits aligned in xylem vessels?

Answer 49

Bordered pits are aligned with other pits in two adjacent vessels

Question 50

What are two adaptations of xylem for effective water transport?

Answer 50

Adaptations include: * one continuous column * narrow tubes for effective capillary action

Question 51

True or False: The flow of water in xylem is impeded by the presence of organelles in vessel cells.

Answer 51

False

Question 52

What prevents the wall of xylem vessels from collapsing?

Answer 52

Lignin prevents the wall from collapsing and there are no cross walls