Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the cardiovascular system?

A
  • Heart: Pumps blood throughout the body
  • Blood vessels: Includes arteries, veins, and capillaries that transport blood
  • Blood: Carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the overall function of the cardiovascular system?

A

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, removes waste products, and helps regulate body temperature and immune function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

In the thoracic cavity, in the mediastinum, between the lungs, and slightly tilted to the left.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the approximate size of the heart?

A

About the size of a closed fist (about 250-350 grams).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the position of the heart?

A

The base is located superiorly, and the apex points inferiorly and slightly to the left.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the apex of the heart located?

A

At the 5th intercostal space, near the midclavicular line.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the base of the heart located?

A

At the level of the 2nd intercostal space where major blood vessels enter and exit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the pericardium?

A

Provides protection, reduces friction, and anchors the heart in place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two layers of the pericardium?

A
  • Parietal Pericardium: Outer layer lining the fibrous pericardium
  • Visceral Pericardium (Epicardium): Inner layer adhering closely to the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is found in the pericardial cavity?

A

Pericardial fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the layers of the heart wall?

A
  • Epicardium (Visceral Pericardium): Outermost layer
  • Myocardium: Thick, muscular middle layer
  • Endocardium: Thin, inner layer lining heart chambers and valves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the primary function of arteries?

A

Carry blood away from the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the primary function of veins?

A

Carry blood toward the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What distinguishes systemic circulation from pulmonary circulation?

A
  • Systemic Circulation: Transports oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the body
  • Pulmonary Circulation: Transports deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the hepatic-portal circulation?

A

Directs nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A
  • Right Atrium
  • Left Atrium
  • Right Ventricle
  • Left Ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the atrioventricular valves?

A

Control the opening between each atrium and the ventricle below it, preventing blood regurgitation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the tricuspid valve?

A

The right AV atrioventricular valve with three cusps.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the bicuspid (mitral) valve?

A

The left AV valve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are chordae tendineae?

A

Stringy tendinous cords that anchor to papillary muscles in the ventricles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are semilunar valves?

A

Valves between the ventricles and great arteries with three cusps shaped like shirt pockets.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary valve?

A

Controls the opening from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of the aortic valve?

A

Controls the opening from the left ventricle into the aorta.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do heart valves promote blood movement?

A

They open during ventricular contraction and seal to prevent backflow during relaxation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What do the terms diastole and systole refer to?
* Systole: Contraction of heart chambers * Diastole: Relaxation of heart chambers
26
Trace the flow of blood through the heart from the venae cavae to the aorta.
Superior/Inferior venae cavae → Right atrium → Right AV valve → Right ventricle → Pulmonary valve → Pulmonary trunk → Lungs → Pulmonary veins → Left atrium → Left AV valve → Left ventricle → Aortic valve → Ascending aorta.
27
Where are the coronary arteries located?
Curving under the left atrium and traveling along the coronary sulcus.
28
What is the function of cardiac veins?
Collect blood from the heart muscle and return it to the right atrium.
29
List the classifications of blood vessels.
* Heart * Arteries * Arterioles * Capillaries * Venules * Veins
30
What are the major arteries of the body?
* Aorta * Coronary arteries * Carotid arteries * Renal arteries * Femoral arteries
31
What is the function of arterioles?
Control blood flow into capillaries by constricting or dilating.
32
What is the main function of capillaries?
Facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.
33
What is the role of venules?
Collect deoxygenated blood from capillaries and carry it towards veins.
34
What distinguishes veins from arteries?
Veins have thinner walls and valves to prevent backflow due to lower pressure.
35
What is the function of the hepatic portal vein?
Carries nutrient-rich blood from digestive organs to the liver.
36
What are the structural components of a blood vessel?
* Tunica externa (adventitia) * Tunica media * Tunica interna (intima)
37
What is the function of precapillary sphincters?
Regulate blood flow into capillaries based on the metabolic needs of tissues.
38
What is a blood reservoir?
Also known as a capacitance vessel, primarily refers to veins.
39
What is metabolic matching?
Metabolic matching refers to the process by which precapillary sphincters respond to local signals, such as low oxygen or high waste product levels, to adjust blood flow accordingly.
40
Define blood reservoir (capacitance vessel)
A blood reservoir, also known as a capacitance vessel, refers to blood vessels, primarily veins, that have the ability to hold and store a significant volume of blood.
41
What is the storage capacity of veins?
Veins can hold up to 60–70% of the total blood volume at any given time.
42
What is the pressure characteristic of veins?
Veins operate under low pressure, allowing them to stretch and store blood without resistance.
43
What role do blood reservoirs play in the circulatory system?
They maintain blood volume, pressure, and flow throughout the body.
44
What is the function of valves in veins?
Valves prevent the backflow of blood, ensuring it flows in the correct direction toward the heart.
45
How do muscle contractions aid venous return?
Contraction of skeletal muscles compresses veins, forcing blood toward the heart.
46
What effect does respiratory action have on venous return?
During inhalation, it creates a pressure gradient that pushes blood from abdominal veins into thoracic veins and toward the heart.
47
What are the major arteries of the body? List at least five.
* Common carotid * Subclavian * Brachiocephalic * Axillary * Aorta
48
What are the major veins of the body? List at least five.
* External jugular * Internal jugular * Brachiocephalic * Superior vena cava * Great saphenous
49
List the general functions of blood.
* Transport oxygen and nutrients * Protection against pathogens * Regulation of fluid balance and pH * Temperature regulation
50
Differentiate between blood plasma and formed elements.
Plasma is a clear fluid forming the extracellular matrix; formed elements are cells and cell fragments.
51
What percentage of blood volume is plasma in adults?
55% of blood volume is plasma.
52
What is the approximate volume of blood in an average-sized adult?
4-6 L
53
What is the pH range of whole blood?
7.35-7.45
54
List the components of blood plasma and their percentages.
* Water: 90% * Proteins: 7–8% * Electrolytes, nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products: 1–2%
55
What are the functions of albumins?
* Maintain osmotic pressure * Transport fatty acids and hormones
56
What is blood serum?
Blood serum is plasma without the clotting proteins, remaining after blood has clotted.
57
What are the three types of formed elements in the blood?
* Erythrocytes (RBCs) * Leukocytes (WBCs) * Platelets
58
Describe the structure and function of erythrocytes.
Biconcave, disc-shaped cells without a nucleus, filled with hemoglobin; they transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
59
Where are erythrocytes produced?
In red bone marrow, especially in flat bones like the sternum and pelvis.
60
What are the types of leukocytes?
* Granulocytes: Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils * Agranulocytes: Lymphocytes, monocytes
61
What is the general nature of leukocytes?
Nucleated cells that are part of the immune system.
62
Where are leukocytes produced?
In red bone marrow and lymphatic organs.
63
What is the function of leukocytes?
* Fight infections * Produce antibodies * Ingest pathogens and debris
64
Describe platelets.
Small, irregularly-shaped cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes.
65
Where are platelets produced?
In red bone marrow.
66
What is the primary function of platelets?
To play a key role in blood clotting.

The Cardiovascular System (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions