Untitled Deck Flashcards
What is Work Flow Design?
The process of analyzing the tasks necessary for the production of a product or service.
What is a Job?
A set of related duties.
What is a Position?
The set of duties (job) performed by a particular person.
What is Job Analysis?
The process of getting detailed information about jobs.
What is a Job Description?
A list of the tasks, duties, and responsibilities (TDRs) that a particular job entails.
What is a Job Specification?
A list of the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAOs) that an individual must have to perform a particular job.
What is the Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ)?
A standardized job analysis questionnaire containing 194 questions about work behaviors, work conditions, and job characteristics that apply to a wide variety of jobs.
What is the Fleishman Job Analysis System?
Job analysis technique that asks subject-matter experts to evaluate a job in terms of the abilities required to perform the job.
What is Competency?
An area of personal capability that enables employees to perform their work successfully.
What is Job Design?
The process of defining how work will be performed and what tasks will be required in a given job.
What is Industrial Engineering?
The study of jobs to find the simplest way to structure work in order to maximize efficiency.
What is Job Enlargement?
Broadening the types of tasks performed in a job.
What is Job Extension?
Enlarging jobs by combining several relatively simple jobs to form a job with a wider range of tasks.
What is Job Rotation?
Enlarging jobs by moving employees among several different jobs.
What is Job Enrichment?
Empowering workers by adding more decision-making authority to jobs.
What is Flextime?
A scheduling policy in which full-time employees may choose starting and ending times within guidelines specified by the organization.
What is Job Sharing?
A work option in which two part-time employees carry out the tasks associated with a single job.
What is Ergonomics?
The study of the interface between individuals’ physiology and the characteristics of the physical work environment.
What is Forecasting?
The attempts to determine the supply of and demand for various types of human resources to predict areas within the organization where there will be labor shortages or surpluses.
What are Leading Indicators?
Objective measures that accurately predict future labor demand.
What is Trend Analysis?
Constructing and applying statistical models that predict labor demand for the next year, given relatively objective statistics from the previous year.
What is a Transitional Matrix?
A chart that lists job categories held in one period and shows the proportion of employees in each of those job categories in a future period.
What is a Core Competency?
A set of knowledges and skills that make the organization superior to competitors and create value for customers.
What is Downsizing?
The planned elimination of large numbers of personnel with the goal of enhancing the organization’s competitiveness.
What is Outsourcing?
Contracting with another organization (vendor, third-party provider, or consultant) to provide services.
What is a Workforce Utilization Review?
A comparison of the proportion of employees in protected groups with the proportion that each group represents in the relevant labor market.
What is Recruiting?
Any activity carried on by the organization with the primary purpose of identifying and attracting potential employees.
What is Employment at Will?
Employment principle that if there is no specific employment contract saying otherwise, the employer or employee may end an employment relationship at any time, regardless of cause.
What are Due-Process Policies?
Policies that formally lay out the steps an employee may take to appeal the employer’s decision to terminate that employee.
What is Job Posting?
The process of communicating information about a job vacancy on company bulletin boards, in employee publications, on corporate intranets, and anywhere else the organization communicates with employees.
Who are Direct Applicants?
People who apply for a vacancy without prompting from the organization.
What are Referrals?
People who apply for a vacancy because someone in the organization prompted them to do so.
What is Nepotism?
The practice of hiring relatives.
What is Yield Ratio?
A ratio that expresses the percentage of applicants who successfully move from one stage of the recruitment and selection process to the next.
What is Cost per Hire?
The total amount of money spent to fill a vacancy.
What is a Realistic Job Preview?
Background information about a job’s positive and negative qualities.
What is Personnel Selection?
The process through which organizations make decisions about who will or will not be invited to join the organization.
What is an Applicant-Tracking System?
Automated approach to selection process that reviews electronically submitted résumés, matches them against company selection criteria, and allows hiring managers to track job candidate information and hiring outcomes.
What is Reliability?
The extent to which a measurement is free from random error.
What is Validity?
The extent to which performance on a measure (such as a test score) is related to what the measure is designed to assess (such as job performance).
What is Criterion-Related Validity?
A measure of validity based on showing a substantial correlation between test scores and job performance scores.
What is Predictive Validation?
Research that uses the test scores of all applicants and looks for a relationship between the scores and the future performance of the applicants who were hired.
What is Concurrent Validation?
Research that consists of administering a test to people who currently hold a job, then comparing their scores to existing measures of job performance.
What is Content Validity?
Consistency between the test items or problems and the kinds of situations or problems that occur on the job.
What is Construct Validity?
Consistency between a high score on a test and high level of a construct such as intelligence or leadership ability, as well as between mastery of this construct and successful performance of the job.
What does Generalizable mean?
Valid in other contexts beyond the context in which the selection method was developed.
What is Utility?
The extent to which something provides economic value greater than its cost.
What is the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986?
Federal law requiring employers to verify and maintain records on applicants’ legal rights to work in the United States.
What are Aptitude Tests?
Tests that assess how well a person can learn or acquire skills and abilities.
What are Achievement Tests?
Tests that measure a person’s existing knowledge and skills.
What are Cognitive Ability Tests?
Tests designed to measure such mental abilities as verbal skills, quantitative skills, and reasoning ability.
What is an Assessment Center?
A wide variety of specific selection programs that use multiple selection methods to rate applicants or job incumbents on their management potential.
What is a Nondirective Interview?
A selection interview in which the interviewer has great discretion in choosing questions to ask each candidate.
What is a Structured Interview?
A selection interview that consists of a predetermined set of questions for the interviewer to ask.
What is a Situational Interview?
A structured interview in which the interviewer describes a situation likely to arise on the job, then asks the candidate what he or she would do in that situation.
What is a Behavior Description Interview (BDI)?
A structured interview in which the interviewer asks the candidate to describe how he or she handled a type of situation in the past.
What is a Panel Interview?
Selection interview in which several members of the organization meet to interview each candidate.
What is the Multiple-Hurdle Model?
Process of arriving at a selection decision by eliminating some candidates at each stage of the selection process.
What is the Compensatory Model?
Process of arriving at a selection decision in which a very high score on one type of assessment can make up for a low score on another.
What is Training?
An organization’s planned efforts to help employees acquire job-related knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors, with the goal of applying these on the job.
What is Instructional Design?
A process of systematically developing training to meet specified needs.
What is a Learning Management System (LMS)?
A computer application that automates the administration, development, and delivery of training programs.
What is Needs Assessment?
The process of evaluating the organization, individual employees, and employees’ tasks to determine what kinds of training, if any, are necessary.
What is Organization Analysis?
A process for determining the appropriateness of training by evaluating the characteristics of the organization.
What is Person Analysis?
A process for determining individuals’ needs and readiness for training.
What is Task Analysis?
The process of identifying the tasks, knowledge, skills, and behaviors that training should emphasize.
What is Readiness for Training?
A combination of employee characteristics and positive work environment that permit training.
What is E-Learning?
Receiving training via the Internet or the organization’s intranet.
What is an Electronic Performance Support System (EPSS)?
Computer application that provides access to skills training, information, and expert advice as needed.
What is On-the-Job Training (OJT)?
Training methods in which a person with job experience and skill guides trainees in practicing job skills at the workplace.
What is Apprenticeship?
A work-study training method that teaches job skills through a combination of on-the-job training and classroom training.
What is an Internship?
On-the-job learning sponsored by an educational institution as a component of an academic program.
What is Simulation?
A training method that represents a real-life situation, with trainees making decisions resulting in outcomes that mirror what would happen on the job.
What are Avatars?
Computer depictions of trainees, which the trainees manipulate in an online role-play.
What is Virtual Reality?
A computer-based technology that provides an interactive, three-dimensional learning experience.
What are Experiential Programs?
Training programs in which participants learn concepts and apply them by simulating behaviors involved and analyzing the activity, connecting it with real-life situations.
What is Adventure Learning?
A teamwork and leadership training program based on the use of challenging, structured outdoor activities.
What is Cross-Training?
Team training in which team members understand and practice each other’s skills so that they are prepared to step in and take another member’s place.
What is Coordination Training?
Team training that teaches the team how to share information and make decisions to obtain the best team performance.
What is Team Leader Training?
Training in the skills necessary for effectively leading the organization’s teams.
What is Action Learning?
Training in which teams get an actual problem, work on solving it and commit to an action plan, and are accountable for carrying it out.
What is Readability?
The difficulty level of written materials.
What is Transfer of Training?
On-the-job use of knowledge, skills, and behaviors learned in training.
What are Communities of Practice?
Groups of employees who work together, learn from each other, and develop a common understanding of how to get work accomplished.
What is Orientation?
Training designed to prepare employees to perform their jobs effectively, learn about their organization, and establish work relationships.
What is Onboarding?
Ongoing process that aims to prepare new employees for full participation in the organization.
What is Diversity?
The characteristics of individuals that make them unique.
What is Inclusion?
Creating a work environment in which individuals are treated fairly and with mutual respect and have equal access to opportunities.
What is Diversity Training?
Training designed to change employee attitudes about diversity and/or develop skills needed to work with a diverse workforce.
What is Employee Development?
The combination of formal education, job experiences, relationships, and assessment of personality and abilities to help employees prepare for the future of their careers.
What is a Protean Career?
A career that frequently changes based on changes in the person’s interests, abilities, and values and in the work environment.
What is Assessment?
Collecting information and providing feedback to employees about their behavior, communication style, or skills.
What is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)?
Psychological inventory that identifies individuals’ preferences for source of energy, means of information gathering, way of decision making, and lifestyle.
What is DiSC?
Brand of assessment tool that identifies individuals’ behavioral patterns in terms of dominance, influence, steadiness, and conscientiousness.
What is a Leaderless Group Discussion?
An assessment center exercise in which a team of five to seven employees is assigned a problem and must work together to solve it within a certain time period.
What are Job Experiences?
The combination of relationships, problems, demands, tasks, and other features of an employee’s job.
What is Transfer?
Assignment of an employee to a position in a different area of the company, usually in a lateral move.
What is a Downward Move?
Assignment of an employee to a position with less responsibility and authority.
What is a Promotion?
Assignment of an employee to a position with greater challenges, more responsibility, and more authority than in the previous job.
What is an Externship?
Employee development through a full-time temporary position at another organization.
What is a Sabbatical?
A leave of absence from an organization to renew or develop skills.
What is a Mentor?
An experienced, productive senior employee who helps develop a less experienced employee (a protégé).
What is a Coach?
A peer or manager who works with an employee to motivate the employee, help him or her develop skills, and provide reinforcement and feedback.
What is Self-Assessment?
The use of information by employees to determine their career interests, values, aptitudes, and behavioral tendencies.
What is Feedback?
Information employers give employees about their skills and knowledge and where these assets fit into the organization’s plans.
What is the Glass Ceiling?
Circumstances resembling an invisible barrier that keep most women and minorities from attaining the top jobs in organizations.
What is Succession Planning?
The process of identifying and tracking high-potential employees who will be able to fill top management positions when they become vacant.
