Untitled Deck Flashcards
What are explicit rules?
Clearly stated rules.
What are implicit rules?
Understood rules that are not directly stated.
What is verbal communication?
Spoken or written words.
What is non-verbal communication?
Facial expressions, gestures, and body language.
What is content in communication?
The actual information being shared.
What is relational communication?
Shows the relationship between people.
What is metacommunication?
Talking about communication (e.g., ‘No disrespect, but…’).
What are the key elements of communication?
Involves a message, sender, and receiver.
What channels can communication happen through?
Different channels (e.g., text, face-to-face, calls).
What can affect communication?
Background noise and context.
What is required for effective communication?
Feedback.
What are formal networks in professional communication?
Downward, upward, and lateral communication.
What is downward communication?
From boss to employee.
What is upward communication?
From employee to boss.
What is lateral communication?
Among coworkers.
What are informal networks?
Casual work interactions.
What do good communicators have?
Self-awareness, adaptability, empathy, emotional intelligence, and ethical behavior.
What is external noise?
Physical distractions (e.g., loud noises, weak internet connection).
Example: Loud music, traffic sounds, or a weak internet connection during a video call.
What is psychological noise?
Mental distractions that affect how you interpret messages.
Example: Stress, anxiety, or pre-existing biases making it hard to listen.
What is physiological noise?
Physical conditions that interfere with communication.
Example: Hearing loss, fatigue, hunger, or illness affecting focus.
What is semantic noise?
Confusion caused by unclear or complex language.
Example: Using technical jargon, slang, or words with multiple meanings.
What are co-cultures?
Groups within a larger culture (e.g., LGBTQ+, religious communities).
What does socioeconomic status (SES) refer to?
Social and financial standing.
What are cultural communication styles?
Individualistic and collectivistic cultures.
What characterizes individualistic cultures?
Focus on personal success (e.g., U.S.).
What characterizes collectivistic cultures?
Value group success (e.g., Japan).
What are low-context cultures?
Direct and clear communication.
What are high-context cultures?
Indirect communication, relying on context.
What does low power distance mean?
Belief in equality between people.
What does high power distance mean?
Strong respect for authority and hierarchy.
What is monochronic time orientation?
Time is structured, being on time is important.
What is polychronic time orientation?
Time is flexible, relationships matter more than schedules.
What are phonological rules?
How words sound.
What are syntactic rules?
How words are arranged in sentences.
What are semantic rules?
The meaning of words.
What are pragmatic rules?
How context affects meaning.
What is denotative meaning?
Dictionary definition.
What is connotative meaning?
Implied or emotional meaning.
What is ambiguous language?
Words with multiple meanings.
What should you avoid for clear communication?
Clichés and be aware of dialects.
What is defamation?
False statements harming someone’s reputation.
What is libel?
Written defamation.
What is slander?
Spoken defamation.
What is loaded language?
Words that stir emotions.
What are ‘I’ statements?
Statements that express feelings without blaming others (e.g., ‘I feel…’ instead of ‘You always…’).
What are weak communication habits?
Disclaimers, hedges, tag questions, hesitations, and intensifiers.
What is nonverbal communication?
Communicating without words through gestures, expressions, tone, and space.
What is body language?
Movements and gestures.
What is touch in nonverbal communication?
Handshakes, hugs.
What is tone of voice?
Pitch, speed, volume.
What is personal space?
Different zones of interaction: intimate, personal, social, and public.
What is chronemics?
How people value time.
What are artifacts in communication?
Clothing, accessories, surroundings.
What are cultural perceptions?
Nationality, ethnicity, race, sex, and gender.
What is cultural centrism?
Thinking your culture is superior.
What is projected similarity?
Assuming others think the same way you do.
What is outgroup homogeneity?
Assuming all people in another group are the same.
Why does effective listening matter?
Helps understand messages better, strengthens relationships, and improves problem-solving.
What are the six stages of the HURIER model?
Hearing, understanding, remembering, interpreting, evaluating, and responding.
What is informational listening?
Listening to learn new facts.
What is critical listening?
Analyzing and evaluating what is heard.
What is empathic listening?
Understanding someone’s feelings.
What is inspirational listening?
Listening for motivation.
What is appreciative listening?
Listening for enjoyment.
What are barriers to effective listening?
Noise, pseudolistening, selective attention, information overload, glazing over, rebuttal tendency, closed-mindedness, and competitive interrupting.
How can you improve informational listening?
Focus on facts, avoid bias, and listen to the main message.
How can you improve critical listening?
Question claims, check credibility, and understand probabilities.
How can you improve empathic listening?
Be nonjudgmental, acknowledge feelings, and show support through body language.
What is perception?
The process of making sense of experiences.
What is interpersonal perception?
How we understand people.
What are the three stages of perception?
Selection, organization, and interpretation.
What are stereotypes?
Assuming things about people based on group identity.
What is the primacy effect?
First impressions matter most.
What is the recency effect?
Most recent impressions have the biggest impact.
What are perceptual sets?
Seeing what we expect to see.
What is locus in attributions?
Is the cause internal (personality) or external (situation)?
What is stability in attributions?
Is the cause permanent or temporary?
What is controllability in attributions?
Could the person control what happened?
What is self-serving bias?
Taking credit for success, blaming others for failure.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
Blaming others’ actions on personality instead of circumstances.
What is self-concept?
How you see yourself.
What does self-concept include?
Your name, skills, relationships, and self-worth.
What is the difference between objective and subjective self-concept?
Objective: Facts; Subjective: Personal feelings.
What is self-fulfilling prophecy?
Expectations shape reality.
What is self-esteem?
How much you value yourself.
What is face in communication?
The way you want others to see you.
What is facework?
Actions you take to maintain your image.
What are face needs?
Fellowship face, autonomy face, and competence face.
What are face threats?
Situations that challenge your public image.
What are key takeaways from communication?
Good listening strengthens communication and relationships.
What does the HURIER model explain?
How we listen effectively.
How can barriers to listening be overcome?
With active effort.
How does perception influence communication?
It influences how we see and understand others.
What impacts communication?
Biases and attribution errors.
How does self-concept affect communication?
It affects how we interact and present ourselves to others.
