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Untitled Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What is Agar?

A

A gel-like substance derived from red algae, used as a solidifying agent in microbial culture media.

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2
Q

What are Algae?

A

Photosynthetic organisms that are mostly aquatic and range from microscopic forms like phytoplankton to large seaweeds.

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3
Q

What does Amphitrichous mean?

A

Bacteria having a single flagellum on both ends, aiding in movement.

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4
Q

What is Antagonism?

A

A relationship where one microorganism inhibits or suppresses the growth of another.

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5
Q

What are Archaea?

A

A domain of single-celled microorganisms similar to bacteria but with distinct molecular characteristics.

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6
Q

What are Aster?

A

Star-shaped microtubules observed during cell division.

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7
Q

What is an Autoclave?

A

A device used to sterilize equipment and media through high-pressure steam.

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8
Q

What are Bacilli?

A

Rod-shaped bacteria.

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9
Q

What are Bacteria?

A

Single-celled prokaryotic organisms that play various ecological and pathogenic roles.

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10
Q

What is Chemotaxis?

A

The movement of organisms in response to chemical stimuli, often toward nutrients or away from toxins.

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11
Q

What are Chloroplasts?

A

Organelles found in algae and plants, responsible for photosynthesis.

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12
Q

What is Chocolate Agar?

A

An enriched medium containing lysed red blood cells, used to grow fastidious bacteria like Neisseria and Haemophilus.

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13
Q

What are Cocci?

A

Spherical or round-shaped bacteria.

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14
Q

What are Colonies?

A

Groups of microorganisms growing on a solid medium, originating from a single cell.

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15
Q

What is Commensalism?

A

A relationship where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected.

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16
Q

What is Competition in microbiology?

A

Interaction between organisms competing for the same resources in an environment.

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17
Q

What is Complex Media?

A

A culture medium containing ingredients of unknown chemical composition, often made with yeast extract or peptones.

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18
Q

What are Cysts?

A

Dormant, protective forms of microorganisms with thickened walls, aiding survival in harsh environments.

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19
Q

What does Cytoplasmic refer to?

A

Pertaining to the cytoplasm, the gel-like substance within cells.

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20
Q

What is Defined Media?

A

Culture media where the exact chemical composition is known.

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21
Q

What is Differential Media?

A

Media designed to distinguish between different microorganisms based on their biochemical characteristics.

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22
Q

What are Diplobacilli?

A

Paired rod-shaped bacteria.

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23
Q

What is Doubling Time?

A

The time required for a population of microorganisms to double in number.

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24
Q

What is Elongation?

A

The process of lengthening the cell during growth and division.

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25
What does Emetic mean?
Causing vomiting; in microbiology, often refers to toxins produced by microorganisms.
26
What are Endospores?
Highly resistant, dormant structures formed by certain bacteria, like Bacillus and Clostridium, for survival.
27
What is the Exponential Phase?
The phase of bacterial growth where the population size doubles at a constant rate.
28
What is Feulgen?
A staining method used to visualize DNA by staining the nucleus of cells.
29
What are Flagella?
Long, whip-like appendages that provide motility to bacteria.
30
What does Fluorescent mean?
Emitting light when exposed to certain wavelengths; commonly used in microscopy.
31
What is a Fluorophore?
A fluorescent molecule used to label and visualize structures under a microscope.
32
What does Fungal refer to?
Pertaining to fungi, a kingdom of organisms distinct from plants and animals.
33
What are Fungi?
Eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms, some of which can cause infections.
34
What are Halophiles?
Microorganisms that thrive in environments with high salt concentrations.
35
What is Hydrogen Peroxide?
A reactive oxygen species and disinfectant, toxic to many microorganisms.
36
What is Hydrogen Sulphide?
A gas produced by some bacteria during the decomposition of organic matter.
37
What does Inflammatory refer to?
Refers to the immune response triggered by microbial infections.
38
What is Initiation?
The starting process of DNA replication, transcription, or translation.
39
What is Kinetics?
The study of reaction rates, including microbial growth rates.
40
What is Lactic Acid?
Produced by lactic acid bacteria during fermentation.
41
What is Lactose?
A sugar commonly found in dairy products; used to test bacterial fermentation.
42
What is the Lag Phase?
The initial stage of bacterial growth where cells are metabolically active but not dividing.
43
What is Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?
A molecule found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, important in pathogenicity.
44
What are Lithotrophs?
Organisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances.
45
What does Lysogenic mean?
A bacteriophage life cycle where the viral genome integrates into the host DNA without killing it.
46
What does Lytic refer to?
A bacteriophage life cycle that results in the lysis (destruction) of the host cell.
47
What is MacConkey Agar?
A selective and differential medium used to isolate Gram-negative bacteria, differentiating lactose fermenters.
48
Who is Margulis?
Lynn Margulis, known for her endosymbiotic theory explaining the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
49
What is Magnesium?
An essential mineral for enzymatic activity in cells, including DNA replication.
50
What is Methionine?
An essential amino acid and starting codon in protein synthesis.
51
What is a Mitochondrion?
The energy-producing organelle in eukaryotic cells, originating from symbiotic bacteria.
52
What is Mutualism?
A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit.
53
What is a Nucleus?
The membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains genetic material.
54
What is the Outer Membrane?
The outermost layer in Gram-negative bacteria, containing LPS.
55
What is Parasitism?
A relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of the other.
56
What does Peritrichous mean?
Bacteria having flagella distributed over their entire surface.
57
What is Polyisoprenoid?
A lipid compound involved in cell membrane synthesis.
58
What does Positive (Gram-positive) refer to?
Refers to bacteria with a thick peptidoglycan layer that retains crystal violet dye during Gram staining.
59
What is a Prion?
Infectious protein particles that cause diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
60
What is a Probiotic?
Live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed.
61
What are Proteins?
Large molecules composed of amino acids, essential for cellular structure and function.
62
What is Proteus vulgaris?
A rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium known for its swarming motility and ability to cause infections.
63
What is Proton Motive Force?
The electrochemical gradient across membranes used to produce ATP.
64
What are Protozoa?
Single-celled eukaryotic organisms that can be free-living or parasitic.
65
What is Replication?
The process of copying DNA before cell division.
66
What does Retrograde refer to?
Refers to processes moving backward, potentially in genetic or protein transport contexts.
67
What is Seaweed?
Large algae, often used in agar production.
68
What is Selective Media?
Media that allow the growth of specific organisms while inhibiting others.
69
What are Spirochaetes?
Spiral-shaped bacteria known for their corkscrew motility, like Treponema and Borrelia.
70
What does Spherical refer to?
Refers to cocci or spherical bacterial cells.
71
What is a Spheroplast?
A bacterial cell with a partially removed cell wall.
72
What is Sphingolipid?
A type of lipid found in cellular membranes, including in some bacterial membranes.
73
What are Spores?
Dormant, resistant forms of bacteria, allowing survival in unfavorable conditions.
74
What is the Stationary Phase?
A growth phase where the rate of cell division equals the rate of cell death.
75
What is the Streak Plate Method?
A technique for isolating pure bacterial colonies on agar plates.
76
What is Symbiogenesis?
The theory that new organisms arise from long-term symbiosis, particularly in the evolution of organelles like mitochondria.
77
What is Synergism?
Interaction between microorganisms where the combined effect is greater than the sum of their effects.
78
What is Synthesis?
The production of molecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins within cells.
79
What is Termination?
The end phase of processes like transcription, translation, or DNA replication.
80
What is Transcription?
The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.
81
What is Translation?
The synthesis of proteins by ribosomes using mRNA as a template.
82
What does Tripling refer to?
Refers to an increase by threefold, often in microbial growth or replication contexts.
83
What is Tryptic Soy Agar?
A general-purpose nutrient-rich medium used to cultivate a wide variety of microorganisms.
84
What is Undefined Media?
Media with unknown chemical compositions, often containing natural products like yeast or meat extracts.
85
What does Vibrioid mean?
Curved rod-shaped bacteria, such as Vibrio cholerae.
86
What is a Virus?
Non-cellular infectious agents consisting of genetic material within a protein coat, requiring host cells to replicate.

microbe mission (3 decks)

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