Untitled Deck Flashcards
What is the definition of intelligence?
Problem-solving skills and the ability to adapt to and learn from life’s experiences.
How is intelligence evaluated?
Intelligence cannot be measured directly but is evaluated by studying intelligent acts.
What do Western views of intelligence emphasize?
Adaptation, basic mental processes, higher-order thinking, and speed of processing.
What is the Confucian perspective on intelligence?
Focus on lifelong effort, learning, and moral character.
What is the Taoist perspective on intelligence?
Humility, self-knowledge, and freedom from judgment.
What do African perspectives on intelligence emphasize?
Social harmony, respect for elders, and cooperation.
Who linked intelligence to energy and sensory sensitivity?
Francis Galton.
What did Alfred Binet introduce in intelligence testing?
Age-appropriate tests and the concepts of direction, adaptation, and control.
What is the IQ formula developed by Alfred Binet?
IQ = (Mental Age (MA) / Chronological Age (CA)) × 100.
What is reliability in the context of intelligence tests?
Consistency of test results, including test-retest and alternate-form reliability.
What is content validity?
It tests the full range of the construct being measured.
What is criterion-related validity?
It predicts performance based on related measures.
What is construct validity?
It captures the theoretical essence of intelligence.
What is standardization in intelligence testing?
Uniform procedures for administering and scoring tests, with norms established by testing representative groups.
What did Prifitera, Weiss & Saklofske (1998) find regarding cultural bias in testing?
Socioeconomic status explains much of the observed group differences in test results.
What is Spearman’s theory of intelligence?
He proposed a single general intelligence factor (g) and specific abilities (s).
What is the difference between fluid and crystallized intelligence according to Cattell?
Fluid intelligence is problem-solving ability, while crystallized intelligence is knowledge from experience.
What are the three types of intelligence in Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory?
Analytical, creative, and practical intelligences.
What did Gardner propose about intelligence?
He proposed multiple intelligences, such as linguistic, spatial, and interpersonal.
What is emotional intelligence (EI)?
The ability to perceive, manage, and regulate emotions.
What correlation did Yip & Martin (2006) find regarding emotional intelligence?
EI correlates with humor and social competence.
What are the types of psychological tests?
Intelligence tests, aptitude tests, and achievement tests.
What criteria define good psychological tests?
Standardization, reliability, and validity.
What did Terman adapt from Binet’s work?
He adapted it into the Stanford-Binet IQ Test.
