Untitled Deck Flashcards
How do you calculate the internal diameter of an endotracheal tube in the paediatric population?
Cuffed: [age/4] 3.5+
Uncuffed: [age/4] 3.5 0.5++
What is the recommended therapeutic management for a variceal haemorrhage that continues to bleed despite pharmacological intervention?
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
When is damage control surgery more preferable than definite surgery in trauma?
When there is severe haemorrhagic shock and/or ongoing bleeding. This is particularly necessary if the lethal diamond is present.
What risk is associated with the administration of suxamethonium after a spinal cord injury?
Life-threatening hyperkalaemia
Occurs 72 hours after spinal cord injury.
How is the rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) useful as a weaning predictor?
RSBI = RR/Tv
RSBI < 105: 80% chance of successful extubation
RSBI > 105: strongly suggests weaning failure
What are the approximate proportions of Na+ and K+ in some commonly used crystalloid solutions?
0.9% N. saline: Na+ 154, K+ 0
Hartmann’s: Na+ 131, K+ 5
5% Dextrose: Na+ 0, K+ 0
0.18% N. saline + 4% dextrose: Na+ 30, K+ 0
0.45% N. saline + 5% dextrose: Na+ 77, K+ 0
What happens to pulmonary artery pressure after a cardiac arrest?
↑ Multifactorial reasons include:
Post-ROSC: ↑ PVR secondary to hypoxia/acidosis, ↑ PAP secondary to cardiac dysfunction.
Precipitant: ↑ PAP secondary to cardiac dysfunction (e.g. STEMI) or pulmonary embolism.
What adrenaline dose would you give to a three-year-old in cardiac arrest?
10 mcg/kg 0.1 mL/kg of 1 in 10,000 solution
Estimated weight calculation: 3(age) + 7 = 16 kg, 2(age + 4) = 14 kg. Average weight 15 kg = 150 mcg, which is 1.5 mL of 1:10,000 adrenaline solution.
