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poop > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method?

A
  1. Ask a question
  2. Make observations
  3. Research existing knowledge about the topic
  4. Form a hypothesis
  5. Test the Hypothesis
  6. Draw a conclusion
  7. Communicate results
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2
Q

What is the changeable variable in an experiment?

A

Independent Variable (IV)

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3
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

An educated guess of what the scientist believes (If, Then)

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4
Q

What is better when conducting an experiment, a small or large sample size?

A

Large

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5
Q

The variable being affected is the ________

A

Dependent Variable (DV)

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6
Q

What process maintains a stable internal environment?

A

Homeostasis

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7
Q

True or False: All organisms are made up of one cell.

A

False

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8
Q

What is the basic unit of structure in all living things?

A

The cell

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9
Q

What does it mean to have a complex chemistry?

A

It can gain and use energy

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10
Q

What is the study of life?

A

Biology

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11
Q

Is water alive?

A

No, just because it can move doesn’t mean it’s alive

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12
Q

______________ is where both parties involved benefit from the interaction.

A

Symbiosis

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13
Q

A population of different species in a particular area make up a ___________

A

Community

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14
Q

_______________: A group of cells of the same kind that perform the same function.

A

Tissue

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15
Q

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area?

A

Population

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16
Q

A ___________ consists of all living things in a given area, together with non-living things.

A

Ecosystem

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17
Q

Another name for living sphere?

A

Biosphere

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18
Q

List the FIVE levels of organization for an Organism, starting with the cell.

A
  1. Cell
  2. Tissue
  3. Organ
  4. Organ System
  5. Organism
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19
Q

List the SIX characteristics of life.

A
  1. Reproduction
  2. Adapts to environment
  3. Made of cells
  4. Has complex chemistry
  5. Uses and maintains energy
  6. Grows and develops
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20
Q

What happened in the yeast experiment?

A

The yeast needed food to survive so when the yeast was put with sugar it foamed and expanded causing the balloon to expand.

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21
Q

Which element is the main element found in organic compounds and is essential to all known life on Earth?

A

Carbon

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22
Q

What are the four main types of organic compounds?

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic Acids
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23
Q

A chemical reaction begins with __________. __________ are formed as a result of the chemical reaction.

A
  1. Reactants
  2. Products
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24
Q

In DNA, ___________ always binds with ___________, and __________________ always binds with __________________.

A

In DNA, cytosine always binds with guanine, and adenine always binds with thymine.

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25
Q

The burning of a substance is an example of an _______________ reaction.

A

Exothermic

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26
Q

What is the general chemical equation for an exothermic reaction?

A

Reactants –> Products + Heat

27
Q

What is the general equation for an endothermic reaction?

A

Reactants + Heat –> Products

28
Q

______________ describes most exothermic reactions, and ______________ describes most endothermic reactions in organisms.

A

Catabolic, Anabolic

29
Q

What is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction?

A

Activation energy

30
Q

___________ speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction.

A

Enzymes

31
Q

_______________ is the sum of all biochemical reactions in an organism.

A

Metabolism

32
Q

What percentage of the Earth’s water is freshwater?

A

3%

33
Q

Pure water has a pH of ___________, and anything higher is considered a _____________ and anything lower is considered a ______________.

A
  1. 7
  2. Base
  3. Acid
34
Q

The oxygen in a water molecule…

A

Has a slight negative charge.

35
Q

How do hydrogen bonds affect the properties of water?

A

Hydrogen bonds explain why water molecules stick together.

36
Q

The concentration of Hydronium ions (H3O+) in a solution determines its measure of ____________.

A

Acidity

37
Q

As Hydronium ion concentration decreases, the pH value _____________

A

Increases

38
Q

What is the monomer (building block) of proteins?

A

Amino acids

39
Q

Carbohydrates

A

1) Elements: CHO
2) Monomers: Monosaccharide
3) Function: Short term energy
4) Examples: Bread, grits

40
Q

Lipids

A

1) Elements: CHO
2) Monomers: Fatty acids
3) Function: Long-term energy
4) Examples: Oil, butter

41
Q

Proteins

A

1) Elements: CHON
2) Monomers: Amino acids
3) Function: Build and repair muscles and bones
4) Examples: Meat, Eggs

42
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

1) Elements: CHONP
2) Monomers: Nucleotides
3) Function: Stores genetic info
4) Examples: DNA, RNA

43
Q

CHOMP stands for…

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus

44
Q

What is a monomer?

A

Building blocks of polymers

45
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Multiple monomers bonded together

46
Q

A weak bond between the oxygen of one atom and hydrogen of another water molecule is a _______________ bond.

A

Hydrogen

47
Q

Water can travel UP a plant because of ______________.

A

Adhesion

48
Q

Who coined the term ‘cell’ when looking at a cork under a microscope?

A

Robert Hooke

49
Q

Who discovered animalcules, otherwise known as bacteria?

A

Robert Hooke

50
Q

What is the cell theory?

A

All organisms are made up of one or more cells; all life functions of an organism occur within the cell; and all cells come from preexisting cells.

51
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

These cells don’t have a nucleus and are found in single-celled organisms like bacteria.

52
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

Organisms that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Many multicellular organisms such as fungi, animals, protists, and plants.

53
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

The jello-like substance of the cell that contains organelles and provides a medium for metabolic reactions.

54
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

Allows movement of substances in and out of the cell.

55
Q

What is the cytoskeleton?

A

Consists of filaments and microtubules that criss-cross the cytoplasm and help maintain the cell’s shape.

56
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

They are in all types of cells. They are either attracted to the ER or float freely in the cytoplasm and make proteins.

57
Q

What is a lysosome?

A

Contains digestive enzymes and is the garbage can of the cell. It gets rid of waste/sick cells.

58
Q

What is smooth ER?

A

Made up of tubules and vesicles that branch out from a network and its functions include lipid synthesis and calcium ion synthesis. There are no ribosomes attached.

59
Q

What is rough ER?

A

This cell structure transports proteins made by ribosomes to other parts of the cell. It has ribosomes embedded in its surface.

60
Q

What are centrioles?

A

Two cylindrical structures involved in cell division.

61
Q

What is a vacuole?

A

Storage for the cell. In plant cells, it provides turgor pressure and support for the cell wall.

62
Q

What is the phospholipid bilayer?

A

The cell membrane is made up of two layers. Each layer is made up of a water-loving head and a water-hating tail, making up a semi-permeable membrane.

63
Q

What are membrane proteins?

A

These can span the cell membrane or stick to only one side of the membrane. They can move around according to their need in the cell and can also be fixed, some act as channels allowing substances to cross the membrane into the cell.

64
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

Structure that only plants have. A rigid layer that is found only outside the cell membrane and surrounds the cell. Provides support, protection, and a shape for the cell.

poop (2 decks)

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