Untitled Deck Flashcards
What is gender?
Social, psychological, and cultural roles associated with being male, female, or non-binary.
What are sex role stereotypes?
Widely held beliefs about appropriate behaviours based on perceived gender.
What is androgyny?
Gender identity combining masculine and feminine qualities.
What does BSRI stand for?
Bem Sex-Role Inventory: assesses gender identity traits.
What are chromosomes?
Thread-like structures carrying genetic information.
What is the typical chromosome pattern in humans?
Humans have 46 chromosomes, including sex chromosomes XX (female) and XY (male).
What is an atypical chromosome pattern?
Deviation from typical chromosomal patterns affecting biological sex.
What is the SRY gene?
Sex-determining Region Y gene on the Y chromosome.
What is a hormone?
Chemical messengers regulating physiological processes.
What is testosterone?
Primary male sex hormone for male characteristics.
What is oestrogen?
Primary female sex hormone for female characteristics.
What is oxytocin?
Hormone for social bonding, attachment, and maternal behaviors.
What is Turner’s syndrome?
Absence of one X chromosome in females (45, X).
What is Klinefelter’s syndrome?
Extra X chromosome (XXY) in males, affecting physical and behavioral aspects.
What is Kohlberg’s cognitive development theory?
Theory focusing on moral reasoning and decision-making.
What is gender identity?
Individual’s understanding of their own gender.
What is gender stability?
Recognition that one’s gender remains consistent over time.
What is gender constancy?
Realisation that one’s gender is a stable, unchanging characteristic.
What is a role model?
Individual admired for gender-related behaviour, influencing others.
What is social learning theory?
Acquisition of behaviour through observation and socialisation.
What is gender schema theory?
Development of gender roles through cognitive processes.
What is socialisation?
Influences on gender schemas from societal and cultural factors.
What does it mean to assimilate in the context of gender?
Integration of new gender-related information into existing schemas.
What is an in-group?
Social group where individual identifies (e.g., male, female).
What is an out-group?
Social group not identified with (e.g., opposite gender).
What is psychosexual development?
Theory on unconscious conflicts shaping personality and behaviour.
What is the phallic stage?
Developmental stage (ages 3-6) focusing on genital area.
What is the Oedipus complex?
Young boy’s attraction to mother and rivalry with father.
What is the Electra complex?
Young girl’s attraction to father and rivalry with mother.
What is identification in gender development?
Desire to associate with desirable characteristics, shaping gender identity.
Who is Little Hans?
Child with horse phobia reflecting unconscious conflicts.
What is a single parent family?
Family with child cared for by one caregiver, affecting gender identity.
What is positive reinforcement?
Presentation of pleasant stimulus to increase behaviour likelihood.
What is negative reinforcement?
Removal of aversive stimulus to encourage behaviour repetition.
What is a negative reinforcer?
Relief from discomfort by avoiding incongruent behaviours.
What is modelling in learning?
Learning through observing and imitating others.
What are mediational processes?
Cognitive mechanisms between stimulus and response.
What is internalisation?
Adopting societal norms into one’s beliefs.
What is cultural variability?
Differences in gender roles across cultures.
What is a gender role?
Societal expectations based on gender identity.
What is nature in the context of gender development?
Biological factors influencing gender development.
What is nurture in the context of gender identity?
Environmental influences on gender identity.
What is media exposure?
Impact of media on internalising gender norms.
What is information giving in media?
Media transmitting gender-related messages.
What is atypical gender development?
Non-conforming gender identity and roles.
What is gender dysphoria?
Distress from incongruence of gender identity.
What are intersex conditions?
Physical characteristics not fitting male or female.
What is the social-psychological explanation of gender?
Understanding gender through social psychology.
What is psychoanalytic theory in gender?
Exploring unconscious influences on gender.
What is cognitive theory in understanding gender?
Understanding gender through cognitive processes.
