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A1 GIT > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity?

A

The oral cavity extends from the lips to the oropharyngeal isthmus.

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2
Q

How is the oral cavity subdivided?

A

The oral cavity is subdivided into the vestibule and the oral cavity proper.

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3
Q

What is the vestibule of the oral cavity?

A

It is the slitlike space between the cheeks and gums.

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4
Q

How does the vestibule communicate with the exterior?

A

Through the oral fissure.

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5
Q

How does the vestibule communicate with the oral cavity proper when the jaw is closed?

A

Behind the 3rd molar tooth on each side.

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6
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the vestibule?

A

The cheek, which consists of the buccinator muscle covered by skin and mucous membrane.

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7
Q

Where does the duct of the parotid gland open?

A

On a small papilla opposite the upper 2nd molar tooth.

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8
Q

What forms the roof of the oral cavity proper?

A

The hard palate anteriorly and the soft palate posteriorly.

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9
Q

What forms the floor of the oral cavity proper?

A

The mylohyoid muscle.

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10
Q

What lies on the floor of the oral cavity proper?

A

The anterior 2/3 of the tongue.

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11
Q

What is the frenulum?

A

A mucosal fold in the midline connecting the tongue to the floor of the mouth.

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12
Q

Where does the submandibular duct open?

A

On a small papilla on each side of the frenulum.

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13
Q

What forms the sublingual fold?

A

It is a rounded fold produced by the sublingual gland, extending backward and laterally from the papilla.

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14
Q

What nerves supply sensory innervation to the roof of the oral cavity?

A

The greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves (branches of the maxillary nerve).

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15
Q

What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the floor of the oral cavity?

A

The lingual nerve (branch of the mandibular nerve).

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16
Q

What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the cheek?

A

The buccal nerve (branch of the mandibular nerve).

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17
Q

What nerve supplies the buccinator muscle?

A

The facial nerve.

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18
Q

What nerve supplies the orbicularis oris muscle?

A

The facial nerve.

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19
Q

How is the tongue divided?

A

Into oral (anterior 2/3), pharyngeal (posterior 1/3), and root (base).

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20
Q

What are the two surfaces of the tongue?

A

The dorsal and ventral surfaces.

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21
Q

What separates the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

The V-shaped sulcus terminalis.

22
Q

What is located at the apex of the sulcus terminalis?

A

The foramen cecum.

23
Q

What types of papillae are found on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Filiform, fungiform, and vallate papillae.

24
Q

What is present on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Nodular lingual tonsils.

25
Q

What can be seen on the ventral surface of the tongue?

A

The deep lingual vein and fimbriated fold.

26
Q

What are intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Longitudinal, transverse, and vertical fibers.

27
Q

What is the function of intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

To alter the shape of the tongue.

28
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Palatoglossus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus.

29
Q

What is the function of extrinsic tongue muscles?

A

To help in movements of the tongue.

30
Q

What muscles protrude the tongue?

A

The genioglossus on both sides acting together.

31
Q

What muscles retract the tongue?

A

The styloglossus and hyoglossus on both sides acting together.

32
Q

What muscles depress the tongue?

A

The hyoglossus and genioglossus on both sides acting together.

33
Q

What muscles elevate the tongue?

A

The styloglossus and palatoglossus on both sides acting together.

34
Q

What provides general sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

The lingual nerve.

35
Q

What provides special sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

The chorda tympani.

36
Q

What provides both general and special sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve.

37
Q

What provides both general and special sensation to the base of the tongue?

A

The internal laryngeal nerve.

38
Q

What supplies motor innervation to intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

The hypoglossal nerve.

39
Q

What supplies motor innervation to extrinsic tongue muscles?

A

The hypoglossal nerve, except for the palatoglossus, which is supplied by the pharyngeal plexus of the vagus nerve.

40
Q

Where does lymph from the tip of the tongue drain?

A

Submental nodes bilaterally and then deep cervical nodes.

41
Q

Where does lymph from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue drain?

A

Submandibular nodes unilaterally and then deep cervical nodes.

42
Q

Where does lymph from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue drain?

A

Deep cervical nodes, mainly the jugulodigastric nodes.

43
Q

What structure is found on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx?

A

The salpingopharyngeal fold.

44
Q

What structure is found on the lateral wall of the oropharynx?

A

The palatine tonsil, located in the tonsillar fossa.

45
Q

What is tonsillitis?

A

Infection of the palatine tonsils causing sore throat, pyrexia, and enlarged, tender deep cervical lymph nodes.

46
Q

What is the treatment for recurrent tonsillitis?

A

Tonsillectomy.

47
Q

What is quinsy?

A

A peritonsillar abscess caused by the spread of infection from the palatine tonsil to the loose connective tissue outside the capsule.

48
Q

What are adenoids?

A

Enlarged infected pharyngeal tonsils in the roof of the nasopharynx.

49
Q

What symptoms can adenoids cause?

A

Snoring, mouth breathing, deafness, and recurrent otitis media.

50
Q

What is the treatment for enlarged adenoids?

A

Adenoidectomy.

A1 GIT (1 decks)

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