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History finals > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

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1
Q

Analyzing and evaluating information to form reasoned judgments.

A

Critical Thinking

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2
Q

Original materials from a specific time period, like documents or artifacts.

A

Primary Source

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3
Q

Interpretations or analyses based on primary sources.

A

Secondary Source

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4
Q

A prejudice or inclination that affects objectivity.

A

Bias

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5
Q

A viewpoint or way of seeing a situation.

A

Perspective

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6
Q

The circumstances surrounding an event or idea.

A

Context

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7
Q

The study of human societies and cultures and their development.

A

Anthropology

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8
Q

The study of past human life through artifacts.

A

Archaeology

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9
Q

Early human ancestors and relatives.

A

Hominids

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10
Q

Early hominids known for walking upright.

A

Australopithecines?

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11
Q

Early humans who used tools and fire.

A

Homo Erectus

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12
Q

Modern humans.

A

Homo Sapiens

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13
Q

Time of hunter-gatherers using stone tools.

A

Paleolithic Era

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14
Q

Transition to farming and settled life.

A

Neolithic Revolution

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15
Q

One of the first known farming villages.

A

Catalhoyuk

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16
Q

Early walled city in the ancient Middle East. Early farming village.

A

Jericho

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17
Q

Taming animals and cultivating plants for human use.

A

Domestication

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18
Q

Dividing people into groups based on status or role.

A

Social Classification

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19
Q

Key elements like government, religion, economy, etc.

A

Foundations of Civilization

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20
Q

Complex societies with cities, government, and culture.

A

Civilization

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21
Q

The spread of ideas and practices between cultures.

A

Cultural Diffusion

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22
Q

Ranking of people in a society.

A

Social Hierarchy

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23
Q

Independent city with its own government.

A

City-State (Polis)

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24
Q

Organized system of officials and departments.

A

Bureaucracy

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25
Q

“Land between the rivers,” site of early civilizations.

A

Mesopotamia

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26
Q

Stepped temple in ancient Mesopotamia.

A

Ziggurat

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27
Q

Earliest system of writing, from Sumer.

A

Cuneiform

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28
Q

First written law code from Babylon.

A

Hammurabi’s Code

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29
Q

First known civilization in Mesopotamia.

A

Sumer

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30
Q

Ancient Mesopotamian literary work.

A

Gilgamesh

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31
Q

Civilization along the Nile River.

A

Ancient Egypt

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32
Q

Egyptian ruler seen as a god-king.

A

Pharaoh

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33
Q

Egyptian writing using symbols.

A

Hieroglyphics

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34
Q

Plant used to make paper in ancient Egypt.

A

Papyrus

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35
Q

Preserving bodies for the afterlife in Egypt.

A

Mummification

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36
Q

Lifeblood of Egypt, crucial for farming.

A

The Nile River

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37
Q

High-ranking bureaucrat in ancient Egypt.

A

Vizier

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38
Q

Deities of sun, afterlife, and magic (Amon-Re, Osiris, Isis).

A

Egyptian Gods

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39
Q

Tombs for Egyptian pharaohs. Structures with a square base and four triangular sides that meet at a point, typically built in ancient Egypt.

A

Pyramids

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40
Q

Chinese belief in divine approval of rulers.

A

Mandate of Heaven

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41
Q

Rise and fall of ruling families in China.

A

Dynastic Cycle

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42
Q

Land-based political system in ancient China.

A

Feudalism

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43
Q

Built to protect China from invasions.

A

Great Wall of China

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44
Q

Government by the people, first in Athens.

A

Democracy

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45
Q

Greek city-state.

A

What is a Polis?

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46
Q

High city in Greek city-states with temples.

A

What is an Acropolis?

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47
Q

Marketplace and gathering area in Greece.

A

What is an Agora?

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48
Q

Philosopher who emphasized questioning. The Socratic Method.

A

Who is Socrates?

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49
Q

Philosopher who founded the Academy in Athens.

A

Who is Plato?

50
Q

Philosopher who taught Alexander the Great.

A

Who is Aristotle?

51
Q

Period of Greek influence after Alexander’s conquests.

A

What is the Hellenistic Era?

52
Q

Military formation of soldiers in rows. Warriors with Shields and Spears in a Formation.

A

What is a Phalanx?

53
Q

Long poems about heroic deeds (e.g., Iliad, Odyssey).

A

What is an Epic?

54
Q

Serious Greek drama with a moral lesson.

A

What is Tragedy?

55
Q

Humorous Greek drama.

A

What is Comedy?

56
Q

Conflicts between Greece and Persia.

A

What are the Persian Wars?

57
Q

Civilization that controlled the Mediterranean.

A

What is Ancient Rome?

58
Q

Government where officials are elected.

A

What is a Republic?

59
Q

Leaders of the Roman Republic.

A

Who are Consuls?

60
Q

Officials protecting plebeian rights.

A

What are Tribunes?

61
Q

Large Roman estates worked by slaves.

A

What are Latifundia?

62
Q

Battles between Rome and Carthage.

A

What are the Punic Wars?

63
Q

Structures that carried water to Roman cities.

A

What are Aqueducts?

64
Q

Roman laws providing equal protection.

A

What are the Twelve Tables?

65
Q

First Roman emperor who began Pax Romana.

A

Who is Augustus?

66
Q

Roman peace and prosperity period.

A

What is Pax Romana?

67
Q

Conqueror who spread Greek culture.

A

Who is Alexander the Great?

68
Q

Persian religion emphasizing good vs. evil.

A

What is Zoroastrianism?

69
Q

Indian empire known for its strong administration.

A

What is the Maurya Empire?

70
Q

Trade route connecting China to the West.

A

What is the Silk Road?

71
Q

Belief in many gods.

A

What is Polytheism?

72
Q

Belief in one god.

A

What is Monotheism?

73
Q

Monotheistic religion of the Hebrews.

A

What is Judaism?

74
Q

Sacred text of Judaism.

A

What is the Torah?

75
Q

Scattering of Jewish people from their homeland.

A

What is the Diaspora?

76
Q

Religion based on Jesus Christ’s teachings.

A

What is Christianity?

77
Q

Religion teaching the path to enlightenment.

A

What is Buddhism?

78
Q

Core Buddhist beliefs about suffering.

A

What are the Four Noble Truths?

79
Q

Buddhist guide to ethical living.

A

What is the Eightfold Path?

80
Q

Religion teaching karma and dharma.

A

What is Hinduism?

81
Q

Hindu belief in cause and effect of actions.

A

What is Karma?

82
Q

Hindu duty based on role in life.

A

What is Dharma?

83
Q

Hindu principle of nonviolence.

A

What is Ahimsa?

84
Q

First Mesoamerican civilization. Known for Colossal Stone Heads.

A

Who are the Olmecs?

85
Q

Civilization known for its pyramids and calendar.

A

Who are the Maya?

86
Q

Empire known for human sacrifices and Tenochtitlán. Warriors

A

Who are the Aztecs?

87
Q

Floating Aztec gardens.

A

What are Chinampas?

88
Q

Capital of the Aztec Empire.

A

What is Tenochtitlán?

89
Q

Roman tactic to appease the masses.

A

What are Bread and Circuses?

90
Q

External attacks contributing to Rome’s fall.

A

What are Barbarian Invasions?

91
Q

Eastern continuation of the Roman Empire.

A

What is the Byzantine Empire?

92
Q

Germanic tribe that sacked Rome.

A

Who are the Visigoths?

93
Q

Nomadic warriors threatening Rome.

A

Who are the Huns?

94
Q

Excessive population causing resource strain.

A

What is Overpopulation?

95
Q

Exhaustion of essential supplies.

A

What is Resource Depletion?

96
Q

Athens: democracy; Sparta: military.

A

Compare Athens and Sparta.

97
Q

Rome: republic; Han: centralized empire.

A

Compare Rome and Han China.

98
Q

Neolithic: farming; Paleolithic: hunting, gathering.

A

Compare Neolithic vs. Paleolithic Societies.

99
Q

Diverse cultures adapting to various regions.

A

What is a Native American?

100
Q

Migration to the Americas via Bering Strait.

A

What is the Land Bridge Theory?

101
Q

Seafaring migration along the Americas.

A

What is the Coastal Migration Theory?

102
Q

Moving from place to place for food and resources. Not staying settled in one place.

A

What is a Nomadic Lifestyle?

103
Q

Major Native American urban center.

A

What is Cahokia?

104
Q

Staple crops of Native Americans (Corn, Beans, Squash).

A

What is Three Sisters Agriculture?

105
Q

Archeologists who discovered early hominids.

A

Who are Mary and Louis Leakey?

106
Q

Discovered ‘Lucy,’ an Australopithecine.

A

Who is Donald Johanson?

107
Q

Famous early human relative fossil.

A

Who is Lucy?

108
Q

Female pharaoh who expanded trade.

A

Who is Hatshepsut?

109
Q

Pharaoh known for building monuments.

A

Who is Ramses II?

110
Q

Last ruler of Egypt’s Ptolemaic dynasty.

A

Who is Cleopatra VII?

111
Q

Created the first empire in Mesopotamia.

A

Who is Sargon of Akkad?

112
Q

Babylonian king who codified laws.

A

Who is Hammurabi?

113
Q

Built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

A

Who is Nebuchadnezzar II?

114
Q

Founded the Persian Empire.

A

Who is Cyrus the Great?

115
Q

Expanded Persia and standardized systems.

A

Who is Darius I?

116
Q

Leader who expanded Athenian democracy.

A

Who is Pericles?

117
Q

Poet of Iliad and Odyssey.

A

Who is Homer?

118
Q

Roman general who became dictator.

A

Who is Julius Caesar?

119
Q

First emperor of Rome.

A

Who is Augustus (Octavian)?

120
Q

Main ‘Founding Father’ of The Abrahamic Religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

A

Who is Abraham?

121
Q

Led Hebrews out of Egypt.

A

Who is Moses?

History finals (2 decks)

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