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Motivation > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What is motivation?

A

Generally defined as an internal state that induces a person to engage in particular behaviors.

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2
Q

What does motivation energize, direct, and sustain?

A

It energizes (causes people to act), directs (behavior toward the attainment of specific goals), and sustains behavior (the effort expended in reaching those goals).

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3
Q

What determines whether a worker can do a job properly?

A

Motivation determines whether a worker can do it properly.

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4
Q

What are the three individual differences traits related to work motivation?

A
  1. Self-esteem 2. Motivation 3. Needs for Achievement and Power
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5
Q

What is self-esteem?

A

The extent to which a person views himself as valuable and worthy.

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6
Q

What are the types of self-esteem?

A
  1. Chronic Self-Esteem 2. Situational Self-Esteem 3. Socially Influenced Self-Esteem
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7
Q

How can self-esteem be increased?

A

Employees can attend workshops in which they are given insights into their strengths.

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8
Q

What is intrinsic motivation?

A

They will seek to perform well because they either enjoy performing the actual tasks or enjoy the challenge of successfully completing the task.

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9
Q

What is extrinsic motivation?

A

They don’t particularly enjoy the tasks but are motivated to perform well to receive some reward or to avoid negative consequences.

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10
Q

What does the Work Preference Inventory measure?

A

It measures intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

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11
Q

What is Abraham Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy Theory?

A

A motivation theory of needs arranged in a hierarchy whereby people are motivated to fulfill a higher need as a lower one becomes gratified.

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12
Q

What are the five basic categories of Maslow’s hierarchy?

A
  1. Physiological needs 2. Safety needs 3. Social needs 4. Esteem needs 5. Self-actualization needs
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13
Q

What is Clayton Alderfer’s ERG Theory?

A

A needs theory that has only three levels: Existence, Relatedness, and Growth.

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14
Q

What are the two categories in Frederick Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory?

A
  1. Motivators 2. Hygiene Factors
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15
Q

What do motivators relate to?

A

Elements related to job content that lead to job satisfaction.

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16
Q

What do hygiene factors relate to?

A

Elements related to job context that, when absent, cause job dissatisfaction.

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17
Q

What are the three needs central to David McClelland’s Achievement Motivation Theory?

A
  1. Need for achievement 2. Need for power 3. Need for affiliation
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18
Q

What is Edwin Locke’s Goal Setting Theory?

A

The basic idea is that people’s behavior is motivated by their internal intentions, objectives, or goals.

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19
Q

What are the four ways goals affect behavior according to Locke and Henne?

A
  1. Goals direct attention and action 2. Goals mobilize effort 3. Goals increase persistence 4. Goals motivate search for effective strategies.
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20
Q

What is the major tenet of Reinforcement Theory?

A

The law of effect states that the probability of a particular behavior increases if it is followed by a reward or reinforcement.

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21
Q

What does Victor Vroom’s Expectancy Theory explain?

A

It explains how rewards lead to behavior by focusing on internal cognitive states that lead to motivation.

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22
Q

What are the components of Vroom’s Expectancy Theory?

A
  1. Valence 2. Instrumentality 3. Expectancy
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23
Q

What does H. J. Stacey Adams’s Equity Theory state?

A

People are motivated to achieve a condition of fairness or equity in their dealings with others and organizations.

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24
Q

What are the inputs and outputs in Equity Theory?

A

Inputs are elements we put into our jobs, while outputs are elements we receive from our jobs.

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25
Q

What is Richard Hackman and Greg Oldham’s Job Characteristics Theory?

A

Employees desire jobs that are meaningful, provide personal responsibility, and give feedback on their work outcomes.

26
Q

What is job enrichment?

A

Redesigning jobs to give workers greater responsibility in the planning, execution, and evaluation of their work.

27
Q

What is Richard Hackman and Greg Oldham’s Job Characteristics Theory?

A

Employees desire jobs that are meaningful, provide personal responsibility for outcomes, and offer feedback on their efforts.

28
Q

What is Job Enrichment?

A

Redesigning jobs to give workers greater responsibility in the planning, execution, and evaluation of their work.

29
Q

What are the Core Job Characteristics/Dimensions?

A

Skill Variety, Task Identity, Task Significance, Autonomy, and Feedback.

30
Q

Define Skill Variety.

A

The use of different skills and talents to complete a variety of work activities.

31
Q

Define Task Identity.

A

The degree to which a job requires completion of a whole or identifiable piece of work.

32
Q

Define Task Significance.

A

The degree to which the job affects the organization and/or larger society.

33
Q

Define Autonomy.

A

Providing freedom, independence, and discretion in scheduling work and determining procedures.

34
Q

Define Feedback.

A

Employees can tell how well they are doing from direct sensory information from the job itself.

35
Q

What is Self-regulation Theory of Motivation?

A

A theory based on setting goals and receiving accurate feedback to enhance goal attainment.

36
Q

What are the four drives in Paul Lawrence and Nitin Nohria’s Four-Drive Theory?

A

Drive to acquire, bond, learn, and defend.

37
Q

What is the Drive to Acquire?

A

The drive to seek, take, control, and retain objects and personal experiences.

38
Q

What is the Drive to Bond?

A

The drive to form social relationships and develop mutual caring commitments with others.

39
Q

What is the Drive to Learn?

A

The drive to satisfy curiosity and understand ourselves and our environment.

40
Q

What is the Drive to Defend?

A

The drive to protect ourselves physically and socially.

41
Q

What is Organizational Justice Theory?

A

If employees are treated fairly, they will be more satisfied and motivated.

42
Q

What is Distributive Justice?

A

Fairness of the decision itself, including the distribution of rewards.

43
Q

What is Procedural Justice?

A

Fairness of the procedures used to arrive at the decision regarding reward allocation.

44
Q

What does the equity theory of motivation assert?

A

How hard we work is a function of how hard others work and what they get in return.

45
Q

What does the expectancy theory of motivation posit?

A

Individuals establish a linkage between what they want to attain and how well they must perform.

46
Q

What does the reinforcement theory of motivation state?

A

Our behavior is modified by patterns of rewards.

47
Q

What is the goal-setting theory of motivation?

A

People intentionally set goals and direct their behavior to attain those goals.

48
Q

What is Job Crafting?

A

A process in which employees unofficially change their job duties to better fit their interests and skills.

49
Q

What are the three categories of Job Crafting?

A

Task crafting, relationship crafting, and cognitive crafting.

50
Q

What are financial incentives?

A

Monetary rewards paid to employees based on output, skills, or knowledge.

51
Q

What is Performance-related pay?

A

A scheme that considers results or output plus actual behavior in the job.

52
Q

What is Profit-related pay?

A

An organization-wide scheme where pay is linked to company profits.

53
Q

What is Skill-based Pay?

A

A pay plan that sets pay levels based on the number of skills employees have.

54
Q

What is a Cafeteria or Flexible Benefit System?

A

A benefit plan allowing employees to tailor their own benefit packages.

55
Q

What is the Premack Principle?

A

Reinforcement is relative, and a supervisor can reinforce an employee with something that does not appear to be a reinforcer.

56
Q

What is the importance of recognition in motivation?

A

Recognition motivates, gives employees a sense of fulfillment, and makes them feel appreciated.

57
Q

What are the benefits of Employee Empowerment?

A

Motivated employees, greater trust in leadership, improved creativity, and stronger bottom line.

58
Q

What are the four steps for empowering employees?

A

Show feedback matters, recognize and empower, provide growth opportunities, and make empowerment part of culture.

59
Q

What is Organizational Behavior Modification (OBM)?

A

A technique for personnel management focusing on improving observable and measurable work-related behavior.

60
Q

What is the OBM Process?

A

Identify undesired behavior, measure frequency, analyze triggers, intervene, and evaluate effectiveness.

Motivation (1 decks)

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