Untitled Deck Flashcards
Where does the ureter lie in relation to the psoas major?
On the anterior surface of the psoas major muscle.
Where does the ureter cross the pelvic brim?
Near the bifurcation of the common iliac artery.
What structures define the pelvic brim?
Obturator Foramen, Pubic Symphysis, Ischial Spine, Sacroiliac Joints, Ischial Tuberosity.
What crosses the ureter superiorly in males?
The ductus deferens near the bladder.
What crosses the ureter anteriorly and superiorly in females?
The uterine artery at the base of the broad ligament.
Why can the ureter be damaged during a hysterectomy?
It lies posterior and inferior to the uterine artery.
What arteries supply the ureter?
Renal artery, Gonadal artery, Abdominal aorta, Inferior vesical artery.
What veins drain the ureter?
Veins corresponding to the supplying arteries.
What is renal colic?
Obstruction of the ureter by a calculus (stone).
Where are the three constrictions of the ureter?
At the pelviureteric junction (L1).
At the pelvic brim (sacroiliac joint).
Where it enters the bladder wall obliquely (ischial spine).
What causes the loin-to-groin pain in renal colic?
Pain propagates along the genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2).
What are the five segmental branches of the renal artery?
Apical, Anteroinferior, Anterosuperior, Posterior, Inferior.
What is the apex of the bladder connected to?
The median umbilical ligament, representing the obliterated urachus.
What muscle forms the muscular layer of the bladder?
The detrusor muscle.
What structures are related to the bladder fundus in males?
Seminal vesicles and ampulla of the vas deferens.
What structures are related to the bladder fundus in females?
Cervix of the uterus and the anterior vaginal wall.
What is a cystocele? What is the structure that is damaged?
Herniation of the bladder onto the anterior vaginal wall due to pelvic floor damage during giving birth.
What does the neck of the bladder rest on in males and females?
In males: Base of the prostate gland.
In females: Superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.
What is the cystic trigone?
A triangular area of the bladder mucosa bound by the ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice.
What is the blood supply of the bladder?
Arteries: Superior and inferior vesical arteries (in females, vaginal artery replaces inferior vesical artery).
Veins: Vesical and prostatic venous plexuses drain into internal iliac veins.
What is Paracentesis of urinary bladder
?
Suprapubic aspiration:
Removal of urine from the bladder by inserting a needle just above the pubic symphysis without penetrating the peritoneum.
