Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

1203 > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What features promote microbial growth on the skin?

A

The skin is moist and sebum-rich, making it hospitable for microbial growth in certain areas. Typical flora includes Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus.

Mnemonic: “Moist Skin’s Comfortable Spot” = Moist, Sebum, Cutibacterium, Staphylococcus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the primary pathogen responsible for bacterial skin diseases?

A

Staphylococcus aureus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Pyodermic infections, Scalded Skin Syndrome, Impetigo.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the signs and symptoms

A

Pustules (raised, pus-filled lesions). Progression: folliculitis → furuncles → carbuncles. Bulla (fluid-filled lesions >1 cm). Vesicles (<1 cm), later rupture → crusts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus?

A

pyodermic infections: Leukocidin (kills white blood cells)

scalded skin syndrome exotoxins (specific toxins causing damage)

impetigo —–

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

transmitted?

A

Direct contact or opportunistic infections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

detected?

A

Skin inspection, swab culture for severe cases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the portal of entry for Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Typically parenteral.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the treatment for Staphylococcus aureus infections?

A

Self-limiting for mild cases. Severe: antibiotics (oral or IV), topical antibiotics.

Mnemonic: “S.Aureus Plays Some Important Puzzles”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the primary pathogen responsible for necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Necrosis (foul-smelling fluid), pain, swelling, decreased BP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the virulence factors of Streptococcus pyogenes?

A

Capsule, M protein, and exoenzymes like streptolysin and hyaluronidase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is Streptococcus pyogenes transmitted?

A

Direct contact or opportunistic infections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is Streptococcus pyogenes detected?

A

Skin inspections, swabs for severe cases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the portal of entry for Streptococcus pyogenes?

A

Parenteral.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the treatment for necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Debridement, amputation, IV antibiotics.

Mnemonic: “S. Pyogenes Needs Extra Caution.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the primary pathogen responsible for acne?

A

Cutibacterium acnes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of acne?

A

Papules (small, raised lesions) and pustules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the virulence factors of Cutibacterium acnes?

A

Consumes sebum in comedones, causing inflammation.

20
Q

How is Cutibacterium acnes transmitted?

A

Direct contact or opportunistic infections.

21
Q

How is Cutibacterium acnes detected?

A

Visual inspection.

22
Q

What is the treatment for acne?

A

Topical agents, sometimes antibiotics.

Mnemonic: “C. Acnes Pops Pimples.”

23
Q

What is the primary pathogen responsible for viral skin diseases?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV).

24
Q

What diseases are caused by Herpes Simplex Virus?

A

Type I: Cold sores; Type II: Genital herpes.

25
What are the signs and symptoms of Herpes Simplex Virus infections?
Painful vesicles that burst to form crusts. Type I: Vesicles on lip margin; Type II: Vesicles on genitals.
26
What are the virulence factors of Herpes Simplex Virus?
Latent, recurrent infections. Travels to trigeminal nerve (Type I) or lumbar-sacral nerves (Type II).
27
How is Herpes Simplex Virus transmitted?
Direct contact, more likely during active infection.
28
How is Herpes Simplex Virus detected?
Visual inspection, lab testing for severe cases.
29
What is the treatment for Herpes Simplex Virus infections?
Antivirals to manage symptoms.
30
Fungal Skin Diseases Pathogen: Candida albicans Disease ?
1. Cutaneous candidiasis 2. Vaginal yeast infection 3. Thrush
31
Diseases: 1. Cutaneous candidiasis 2. Vaginal yeast infection 3. Thrush Key Signs and Symptoms Virulence Factors Mode of Transmission Detection Portal of Entry
Cutaneous candidiasis: Red, itchy rash on skin folds. Vaginal yeast infection: Vaginal itching, thick yellow/white discharge, odor. Thrush: White patches in the mouth, possible bleeding (common in newborns and immunocompromised individuals) Mode of Transmission: Opportunistic infection Detection: Visual inspection Portal of Entry: Skin Treatment: Antifungal
32
Bacterial Respiratory Diseases Pathogen: Streptococcus pneumoniae Disease?
Bacterial pneumonia
33
Pathogen: Streptococcus pneumoniae Disease: Bacterial pneumonia Key Signs and Symptoms Virulence Factors Mode of Transmission Detection Portal of Entry
Key Signs and Symptoms: Painful breathing with fluid in alveoli. Virulence Factors: Capsule (resists phagocytosis). Mode of Transmission: Direct contact or droplets. Detection: Gram stain (Gram-positive). Portal of Entry: mucus membrane Respiratory system. Treatment: Antibiotics Vaccine: Yes – conjugate vaccine
34
Bacterial Respiratory Diseases Pathogen: Haemophilus influenzae Disease:?
Bacterial pneumonia
35
Bacterial Respiratory Diseases Pathogen: Haemophilus influenzae Disease: Bacterial pneumonia Key Signs and Symptoms Virulence Factors Mode of Transmission Detection Portal of Entry Treatment Vaccine
Key Signs and Symptoms: Painful breathing with fluid in alveoli. Virulence Factors: Capsule and adherence factors. Mode of Transmission: Direct contact or droplets. Detection: Gram stain (Gram-negative). Portal of Entry: muscas membrane Respiratory system. Treatment:Antibiotics Vaccine: Yes – conjugate vaccine.
36
Bacterial Respiratory Diseases Pathogen: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Disease:
Disease: Bacterial pneumonia
37
Bacterial Respiratory Diseases Pathogen: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Disease: Bacterial pneumonia Key Signs and Symptoms Virulence Factors Mode of Transmission Detection Portal of Entry Treatment Vaccine
Key Signs and Symptoms: Painful breathing with mild symptoms With fluid in aveoli Virulence Factors: Mode of Transmission: Direct contact or indirect contact Detection -: (no cell wall). Portal of Entry: MUCAS MEMEBRANE Treatment: Self-limiting Vaccine: None
38
bacterial respiratory disease Pathogen: Streptococcus pyogenes Disease:
Disease: Strep Throat.
39
Pathogen: Streptococcus pyogenes Disease: Strep Throat. Key Signs and Symptoms Virulence Factors Mode of Transmission Detection Portal of Entry Treatment Vaccine
Key Signs and Symptoms:High fever. Dark, swollen tonsils. Petechiae (small red bumps) rash on soft/hard palate. Swollen lymph nodes. Virulence Factors: M protein, streptolysin, hyaluronidase, Mode of Transmission: Direct contact (droplets) or indirect contact (contaminated surfaces) Detection: Culture swab. Portal of Entry: Mucous membranes (respiratory system). Treatment: Antibiotics Vaccine: None
40
bacterial respiratory disease Pathogen: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Disease
Tuberculosis (TB)
41
bacterial respiratory disease Pathogen: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Disease Tuberculosis (TB).
Key Signs and Symptoms: Chronic cough, Chest pain, Coughing up blood Virulence Factors: Waxy mycolic acid protects against digestion after phagocytosis.Replication inside macrophages forms tubercles. Causes chronic inflammation as more macrophages are recruited. If tubercles rupture, leads to bleeding and bacterial spread Mode of Transmission: Direct contact (droplets) or indirect contact (airborne particles) Detection: Tuberculin skin test, followed by a chest X-ray if positive Portal of Entry: Mucous membranes (respiratory system) Treatment: Long-term antibiotics Vaccine: Yes (BCG vaccine).
42
bacterial respiratory disease Pathogen: Bordetella pertussis Disease:
Disease: Pertussis (Whooping Cough).
43
bacterial respiratory disease Pathogen: Bordetella pertussis Disease: Pertussis (Whooping Cough).
Key Signs and Symptoms: uncontrollable coughing with a characteristic "whoop." Virulence Factors: Adhesins to bind to ciliated epithelial cells. A-B exotoxin that damages ciliated epithelial cells, increasing mucus production. Cytotoxins that impair normal respiratory functions. Mode of Transmission: Direct contact (droplets). Detection: Culture swab. Portal of Entry: Mucous membranes (respiratory system). Treatment: Antibiotics. Vaccine: Yes (DTaP vaccine).
44
45
Respiratory diseases caused by viruses: Pathogen: 1. Rhinoviruses 2. Coronaviruses 3,Adenoviruse

1203 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions