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CMN260 > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What is mass communication?

A

The dissemination of messages from one source to a large number of receivers.

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2
Q

What are the purposes of mass communication?

A

Inform, entertain, persuade.

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3
Q

What is social cognitive theory?

A

Individuals learning by observing and modeling others’ behavior.

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4
Q

What is cultivation theory?

A

Regular exposure to media affects attitudes, beliefs, and judgment of reality.

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5
Q

What is agenda setting and framing?

A

Media shaping which issues get talked about (setting) and influences how we talk about the issue (framing).

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6
Q

What is entertainment education?

A

Intentional placement of educational content in entertainment messages.

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7
Q

What is the third person effect?

A

Perception that one is less susceptible to the effects of media portrayals than others.

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8
Q

What is direct to consumer advertising (DTC)?

A

Targets everyday people through media to persuade them to ask their provider about particular products.

Advantages: democratizes health info, prompts patients to ask questions. Disadvantages: downplay risks, doctors may feel pressured to prescribe.

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9
Q

What is traditional media?

A

Mass audience, unidirectional.

Example: TV, billboards, radio.

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10
Q

What is new media?

A

Bidirectional, audience segmentation.

Example: social media.

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11
Q

What is a health campaign?

A

Systematic efforts to influence people to engage in health-enhancing behaviors.

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12
Q

What is segmentation in health campaigns?

A

Identifying specific groups who are alike in important ways and whose involvement is important to the purpose of the campaign.

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13
Q

What is psychological reactance theory?

A

When a message threatens people’s freedom.

Example: negative thoughts, ‘this message is stupid.’

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14
Q

What is the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)?

A

We tend to better remember high-involvement messages and are more likely to act on them.

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15
Q

What does the Theory of Reasoned Action suggest?

A

The decision to engage in a particular behavior is the result of a rational process evaluating behavioral options and consequences.

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16
Q

What are subjective norms?

A

Social pressures that influence an individual’s behavior.

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17
Q

What are behavioral intentions?

A

An individual’s readiness to perform a given behavior.

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18
Q

What is the Theory of Planned Behavior?

A

An extension of the Theory of Reasoned Action that includes perceived behavioral control.

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19
Q

What is the Transtheoretical Model (TTM)?

A

A model that includes 5 steps for behavior change.

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20
Q

What are gain-frame appeals?

A

Emphasizes the advantages of performing the recommended behavior.

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21
Q

What are loss-frame appeals?

A

Emphasizes the negative repercussions of not taking action.

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22
Q

What are narrative messages?

A

Messages designed to increase identification, elicit an emotional response, and transport the audience.

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23
Q

What are emotional appeals?

A

Suggest that people feel a certain way regarding their health and behaviors.

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24
Q

What are positive-affect appeals?

A

A sense of accomplishment, honor, fun, happiness.

25
Q

What are negative-affect appeals?

A

Anxiety, guilt, fear.

26
Q

What is an efficacy study?

A

People are exposed to campaign messages in a controlled environment.

27
Q

What is an effectiveness study?

A

Studying campaign effects in the context of people’s everyday lives.

28
Q

What is public health?

A

The practice of protecting and improving the health of people in a community.

Example: epidemics, foodborne illnesses, natural disasters.

29
Q

What is risk communication?

A

An ongoing process that involves disseminating information and engaging in interactive discussions about risk perception.

30
Q

What does level of hazard refer to?

A

The amount of damage a risk may potentially cause.

31
Q

What does level of outrage refer to?

A

The amount of concern the public has about a risk.

32
Q

What is crisis communication?

A

An approach for providing information that allows people to make the best possible decisions under time constraints.

33
Q

What are the WHO guidelines for crisis communication?

A

Plan in advance, build trust, engage communities, use multiple channels, monitor, evaluate, and adjust.

34
Q

What does the IDEA model stand for?

A

I: Internalization, D: Distribution, E: Explanation, A: Specific steps people might take in an emergency.

35
Q

What is the CERC model?

A

Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication: five crisis phases.

36
Q

What are the five phases of the CERC model?

A

Pre-crisis, initial event, maintenance, resolution, evaluation.

37
Q

What is eHealth?

A

The use of technology to transcend geographical distance in promoting good health.

38
Q

What is mHealth?

A

The use of devices such as smartwatches, mobile phones, tablets, and computers in promoting health.

39
Q

What is telehealth?

A

The use of technology to facilitate long-distance health care, education, and disaster responses.

40
Q

What is information seeking?

A

Active or intentional search for information.

41
Q

What is information scanning?

A

Passive receipt of information.

42
Q

What does the Health Information Acquisition Model state?

A

Information seeking is prompted by more than just uncertainty.

43
Q

What is the Theory of Motivated Information Management?

A

People seek information when they are anxious and feel it would be helpful to learn more.

44
Q

What is the integrative model of online health information seeking?

A

Social structures and inequities influence how able and motivated people are to seek eHealth information.

45
Q

What is the digital divide?

A

Differences in access to and/or use of information technologies.

46
Q

What is first-level digital divide?

A

Refers to access to technology.

47
Q

What is second-level digital divide?

A

Refers to skills and use of technology.

48
Q

What are electronic health records?

A

Online health records of individuals’ medical history.

49
Q

What are threats to privacy in eHealth?

A

Current eHealth issues that worry patients about their medical history getting leaked.

50
Q

What is the patient-provider relationship?

A

Reduces communication and creates distance between the patient and the provider.

51
Q

What are media effects?

A

The many ways that people are affected by media exposure/consumption.

52
Q

How does media affect body image?

A

Pathologizing the human body, making natural functions seem weird and unnatural.

Example: eating disorders, body dissatisfaction.

53
Q

How does media affect mental illness?

A

Research suggests that media depictions of mental illness are overwhelmingly dramatic and distorted.

54
Q

What are the four steps in planning a health campaign?

A
  1. Define the situation and potential benefits. 2. Analyze and segment the audience. 3. Establish campaign goals and objectives. 4. Select channels of communication.
55
Q

What are the steps 5-7 in implementing a health campaign?

A
  1. Design campaign messages. 6. Pilot and implement the campaign. 7. Evaluate and maintain the campaign.
56
Q

What does the health belief model explain?

A

What motivates health behavior change based on five considerations.

57
Q

What are the three ethical considerations for health promoters?

A
  1. Timing: did you warn the public? 2. Scapegoating: blame on one group. 3. Stigmatizing: undesirable stigmatizing.
58
Q

What are models for crisis communication?

A

WHO guidelines, IDEA model, CERC model.

59
Q

What are challenges of communicating risk/crisis?

A

Avoiding jargon, negotiating unequal comparisons of risk, expressing risk, counteracting contradictory messages.

CMN260 (2 decks)

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