Untitled Deck

Question 1

What is Blood Flow?

Answer 1

Volume of blood moving through a site (vessel/organ) over time (e.g., ml/min, L/hour).

Question 2

What is Blood Pressure?

Answer 2

Force exerted on vessel walls by blood within (measured in mm Hg).

Question 3

What does Resistance to Flow refer to?

Answer 3

Force resisting blood flow due to friction.

Question 4

What is Viscosity?

Answer 4

Measure of a fluid’s thickness/stickiness.

Viscosity comparison: water < blood < toothpaste.

Question 5

How does Tube Length affect Resistance?

Answer 5

Longer vessels create more resistance due to friction.

Question 6

How does Tube Diameter affect Resistance?

Answer 6

Smaller diameters increase resistance (more friction).

Question 7

What is the relation between Blood Flow, Pressure, and Resistance?

Answer 7

Formula: ( ext{Blood Flow (F)} = rac{Delta P}{R} )

( Delta P ): Difference in pressure; ( R ): Peripheral resistance.

Question 8

What happens when diastolic pressure increases?

Answer 8

Increased flow.

Question 9

What happens when resistance increases?

Answer 9

Decreased flow (vasoconstriction).

Question 10

What is Systolic Pressure?

Answer 10

Pressure during ventricular contraction (~120 mm Hg).

Question 11

What is Diastolic Pressure?

Answer 11

Pressure during ventricular relaxation (~80 mm Hg).

Question 12

What is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?

Answer 12

Average pressure by the heart (~93 mm Hg). Diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

Question 13

What is Venous Return?

Answer 13

Venous pressure is low; aided by the respiratory and muscular pumps.

Question 14

What is Cardiac Output (CO)?

Answer 14

Product of stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR). SV x HR

Question 15

What happens to blood pressure with increased CO, SV, or HR?

Answer 15

Blood pressure increases.

Question 16

What effect does arteriolar constriction have on blood pressure?

Answer 16

Increases blood pressure.

Question 17

How does blood volume affect blood pressure?

Answer 17

Decreased volume reduces blood pressure; increased volume raises it.

Question 18

What is the role of Baroreceptors?

Answer 18

Pressure receptors that regulate blood pressure by inhibiting or stimulating the vasomotor center.

Question 19

What is the function of Chemoreceptors?

Answer 19

Monitor oxygen and pH to adjust blood pressure.

Question 20

What is the Renin-Angiotensin Mechanism?

Answer 20

Low BP → Renin release → Angiotensin II formation → Vasoconstriction and aldosterone release.

Question 21

What is Hypotension?

Answer 21

Blood pressure < 100/60 mm Hg.

Causes include age, illness, and endocrine disorders.

Question 22

What is Hypertension?

Answer 22

Blood pressure > 140/90 mm Hg.

Causes include obesity, stress, and genetics.

Question 23

What are the functions of blood flow?

Answer 23

Oxygen delivery, CO₂ removal, nutrient absorption, and waste processing.

Question 24

What is the distribution of blood flow at rest?

Answer 24

Abdominal organs: 24%, Skeletal muscles: 20%, Kidneys: 20%, Brain: 13%, Heart: 4%.

Question 25

What is the relationship between velocity and total cross-sectional vessel area?

Answer 25

Velocity is inversely related to total cross-sectional vessel area.

Question 26

What is Hydrostatic Pressure?

Answer 26

Pushes fluid out of capillaries.

Question 27

What is Osmotic Pressure?

Answer 27

Draws fluid into capillaries.

Question 28

What is Circulatory Shock?

Answer 28

Condition due to inadequate blood flow; types include hypovolemic, vascular, and cardiogenic.