Untitled Deck Flashcards
What condition occurs due to kidney agenesis?
Oligohydramnios, which affects lung growth.
What are ectopic kidneys?
Kidneys that fail to ascend, often associated with multiple diseases.
What is polycystic kidney disease (PKD)?
A genetic condition where the kidney progressively loses function due to cyst formation.
Which gene mutation causes autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?
PKD1 gene, which produces polycystin.
What does the mutation in PKD1 gene impair?
Cell-to-cell communication, leading to cyst formation.
What is a horseshoe kidney? What prevents the kidneys from rising?
A condition where the kidneys are fused at the lower poles. inferior mesenteric artery prevents the kidneys from ascending
What causes the presence of two ureters?
Two sites of induction from the GDNF gene.
What is a double kidney?
A kidney that is bigger than normal and has two ureters
Can a single kidney have two ureters?
Yes, a double ureter can originate from a normal kidney.
From which germ layer does the lower part of the urinary system epithelium originate?
Endoderm.
What is the cloaca, and from which germ layer does it develop?
The cloaca is the lower part of the intestine, formed from the endoderm.
By what and How is the cloaca divided?
By the urorectal septum into:
1. Anterior part: Urogenital sinus
2. Posterior part: Rectum and half of the anal canal
What structures develop from the urogenital sinus?
Bladder, prostate (males), urethra, and lower part of the vagina (females).
What is the urachus?
A structure derived from the urogenital sinus that connects the bladder apex to the umbilicus to stabilize the bladder.
What are the three names for the urachus?
Allantois, urachus, median umbilical ligament.
What is a urachal cyst?
A cyst formed by fluid accumulation in the urachus.
From which germ layer does the trigone of the bladder originate?
Mesoderm, as it develops from the ureter.
From which germ layer does the rest of the bladder originate?
Endoderm.
