Untitled Deck Flashcards
Between what vertebral levels do the kidneys extend?
From T12 to L3.
Which kidney is lower, and why?
The right kidney is lower because of the liver.
At what vertebral level is the hilum of the kidney located?
At L1.
What rib corresponds to the upper end of the left kidney?
Rib 11.
What rib corresponds to the upper end of the right kidney?
Rib 12.
What organ lies above rib 11 on the left side?
The spleen.
What organ lies under rib 11 on the left side?
The left kidney.
What are the posterior relations of the kidneys?
Diaphragm, Psoas major, Quadratus lumborum, Subcostal vessels, Subcostal nerve, Iliohypogastric nerve, Ilioinguinal nerve, Transversus abdominis.
What are the anterior relations of the right kidney?
Right suprarenal gland, 2nd part of the duodenum, Right lobe of the liver.
What are the anterior relations of the left kidney?
Left suprarenal gland, Stomach, Spleen, Body of pancreas and splenic vessels, Descending colon, Small intestine.
What are the structures at the hilum of the kidney, from anterior to posterior?
Anterior renal vein, Intermediate renal artery, Posterior renal pelvis.
What is the sinus of the kidney?
A central recess occupied by: Renal vessels, Calyces, Renal pelvis.
How can you determine if a kidney is right or left?
The hilum faces medially. The renal vessels are anterior to the pelvis. The ureter is directed inferiorly. Hilum facing left = left kidney; hilum facing right = right kidney.
What are the three coverings of the kidney?
Fibrous capsule, Perirenal fat, Renal fascia.
Are the suprarenal glands surrounded by the renal fascia?
Yes.
Where does the posterior lamina of the renal fascia attach?
It passes between the fat and the quadratus lumborum, then attaches to the psoas major.
Where does the anterior lamina of the renal fascia attach?
It passes between the fat and attaches to the aorta and IVC.
What is a perinephric abscess?
An infection that spreads to the kidney, often originating from the urinary tract.
What happens if a perinephric abscess spreads behind the kidney?
It travels along the psoas major and might affect the hip joint.
What happens if a perinephric abscess spreads upward?
It reaches the diaphragm and may irritate the phrenic nerve, causing shoulder pain.
