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Veterinary Virology > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What type of virus is Bovine Rotavirus?

A

Bovine Rotavirus is a double stranded RNA virus with a segmented genome (11 segments) capable of reassortment in mixed infections.

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2
Q

What is the size of Bovine Rotavirus?

A

Bovine Rotavirus is non-enveloped and 55-80 nm in size.

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3
Q

What proteins determine serotype specificity in Bovine Rotavirus?

A

The VP7-glycoprotein (G) and VP4-protease cleaved protein (P) determine serotype specificity.

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4
Q

What diseases does Bovine Rotavirus cause in calves?

A

Bovine Rotavirus can cause acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea in calves in the first few weeks of life (birth-3 weeks).

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5
Q

How prevalent is Bovine Rotavirus?

A

Bovine Rotavirus is prevalent worldwide.

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6
Q

What are the common causes of viral diarrhea in calves?

A

Bovine Rotavirus and bovine coronavirus are the most common causes of viral diarrhea in calves.

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7
Q

What is the typical duration of uncomplicated Bovine Rotavirus cases?

A

Uncomplicated cases are self-limiting and symptomatic for approximately 1-2 days.

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8
Q

What are the mechanisms of pathogenesis for Rotavirus diarrhea?

A
  1. Malabsorption secondary to enterocyte death
  2. A virus-encoded enterotoxin (NSP4)
  3. Stimulation of the enteric nervous system
  4. Villus ischemia
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9
Q

What are enterocytes and their functions?

A

Enterocytes are located in the villus and are involved in digestive and absorptive functions, with some secretory activities.

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10
Q

What are crypt cells and their functions?

A

Crypt cells are primarily involved in secretory functions and are the progenitor of the villus enterocytes.

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11
Q

What happens during Rotavirus infection?

A

Infection occurs after ingestion of the virus, replicating in enterocytes of the intestinal villi, leading to diminished absorptive and digestive function, increased secretory function, and severe diarrhea.

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12
Q

What are the transmission routes for Rotavirus?

A

Rotavirus is transmitted via fecal/oral routes.

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13
Q

What is the role of carrier cattle in Rotavirus epidemiology?

A

Carrier cattle are a reservoir and source of rotavirus that can infect calves.

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14
Q

What factors contribute to Rotavirus re-infections?

A
  1. Short incubation period (1-2 days)
  2. Entry cell is the same as the cell used for viral replication
  3. High viral dissemination (up to 10^11 PFU/g of feces)
  4. High rate of viral mutation and gene reassortment.
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15
Q

What are the major structural proteins of Coronaviruses?

A

The major structural proteins are spike glycoprotein (S) and hemagglutinin-esterase glycoprotein (H or HE).

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16
Q

What are the clinical syndromes associated with Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV)?

A
  1. Calf diarrhea
  2. Winter dysentery
  3. Calf respiratory disease
  4. Bovine respiratory disease complex (shipping fever)
17
Q

What is the pathogenesis of BCoV calf diarrhea?

A

BCoV causes diminished absorptive and digestive function, increased secretory function, leading to severe diarrhea and fluid/electrolyte loss.

18
Q

What are the symptoms of BCoV winter dysentery?

A

Symptoms include severe watery diarrhea, some blood and mucus, decreased milk production, listlessness, depression, anorexia/weight loss, and fever.

19
Q

What is the impact of BCoV on respiratory health in calves?

A

BCoV infects respiratory epithelium, causing interstitial emphysema, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, and predisposes calves to secondary infections.

20
Q

What are the current routine diagnostics for Rotavirus and Coronaviruses?

A

Diagnostics include virus isolation, serology (virus neutralization), EM, FA, IHC, ELISA, and PCR.

21
Q

What is important for preventing BCoV infection?

A

Mucosal immunity is important; animals with lower serum antibody titers are more likely to develop BCoV infection.

22
Q

What vaccination strategies are recommended for BCoV?

A

Vaccinate cows during pregnancy with live-attenuated or killed vaccines.

Veterinary Virology (1 decks)

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