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HOSA Pathophysiology > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Missing Teeth?

A

Altered bite, Temporomandibular Jaw Disease, Bolting (inadequate chewing), Nutrient Losses

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2
Q

What is the etiology of Missing Teeth?

A

Loss from dental decay, Injury, Congenitally missing, Impacted, prevented from erupting

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3
Q

How is Missing Teeth diagnosed?

A

Oral exam, Radiography (impacted or missing)

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4
Q

What are the treatments for Missing Teeth?

A

Prosthesis, Implant

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5
Q

What is the prognosis for Missing Teeth?

A

Good if implants successful

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6
Q

What are the prevention methods for Missing Teeth?

A

Proper oral hygiene, Mouth guard during sports

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7
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Impacted Third Molar?

A

Pain, Impacting of back teeth

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8
Q

What is the etiology of Impacted Third Molar?

A

Develop 8-10 yrs, erupt 17-21, No room to erupt, Erupt at angle, food gets stuck leading to disease

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9
Q

How is Impacted Third Molar diagnosed?

A

Inspection for infection, Radiography

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10
Q

What are the treatments for Impacted Third Molar?

A

Antibiotic, Analgesic, Extraction

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11
Q

What is the prognosis for Impacted Third Molar?

A

Should be cured with treatment

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12
Q

What are the prevention methods for Impacted Third Molar?

A

None

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13
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Pericoronitis?

A

Swelling and redness around tooth, Pain when biting, Foul breath

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14
Q

What is the etiology of Pericoronitis?

A

Infection around partially erupted tooth, Infection from food stuck between teeth

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15
Q

How is Pericoronitis diagnosed?

A

Inspection

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16
Q

What are the treatments for Pericoronitis?

A

Antibiotic, Analgesic

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17
Q

What is the prognosis for Pericoronitis?

A

Good, if compliant with antibiotics

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18
Q

What are the prevention methods for Pericoronitis?

A

Proper oral hygiene

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19
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Dental Caries?

A

White spots on tooth surface, Toothache, Hypersensitivity, Unpleasant taste in mouth, Inflammation, Abscess

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20
Q

What is the etiology of Dental Caries?

A

Bacteria make acid when digesting sugar, Demineralization, Stomach acid can exacerbate

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21
Q

How is Dental Caries diagnosed?

A

Inspection, Radiography for extent

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22
Q

What are the treatments for Dental Caries?

A

Replace with amalgam, Root canal to replace pulp, Extraction if needed, Implant if needed

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23
Q

What is the prognosis for Dental Caries?

A

Good with fast treatment, Can spread fast

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24
Q

What are the prevention methods for Dental Caries?

A

Proper oral hygiene, Limit sugar

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25
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Discoloured Teeth?

A

Teeth are yellow or brown, May have spots, patches, or lines

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26
Q

What is the etiology of Discoloured Teeth?

A

Age (yellow), Smoking (brown), Wine, coffee, tea, blueberries, Drugs (tetracycline during childhood), Mouthwash, Pertussis/measles (patches), Excess fluoride (while or brown), Hereditary factors

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27
Q

How is Discoloured Teeth diagnosed?

A

Oral exam

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28
Q

What are the treatments for Discoloured Teeth?

A

Polish, if superficial, Bleaching, capping if deep, Cosmetic whitening

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29
Q

What is the prognosis for Discoloured Teeth?

A

Good within range of treatment

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30
Q

What are the prevention methods for Discoloured Teeth?

A

Avoid smoking, drinking, caffeine, Whitening products

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31
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Gingivitis?

A

Red, soft, shiny gums, Easy gum bleeding, Loss of teeth, severe, Can lead to periodontitis

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32
Q

What is the etiology of Gingivitis?

A

Common cause of toothache, Plaque (creates pocket between gum and tooth for food to get trapped), Vitamin deficiency, Glandular disorders, Blood disease, Viral infection, Certain meds, Pregnant/diabetics more susceptible

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33
Q

How is Gingivitis diagnosed?

A

Dentist confirmation

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34
Q

What are the treatments for Gingivitis?

A

Removal of plaque, Antibacterial mouthwash, Anesthesia for thorough cleanse, Oral antibiotic if needed, Treatment for loosened teeth and bone damage

35
Q

What is the prognosis for Gingivitis?

A

80% population suffers, Best to treat underlying causes

36
Q

What are the prevention methods for Gingivitis?

A

Oral hygiene, Avoid brushing too much, Remove plaque

37
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Periodontitis?

A

Unpleasant taste in mouth, Halitosis (bad breath), Sensitivity, Pain while chewing, Abscesses, Loose/falling teeth

38
Q

What is the etiology of Periodontitis?

A

End result of gingivitis, Bacteria destroy bone/teeth, Smoking, Meds, Chemo, Diabetes/HIV, Stress, Poor nutrition, Pregnancy

39
Q

How is Periodontitis diagnosed?

A

Measure depth of pockets, Radiography to check bone damage

40
Q

What are the treatments for Periodontitis?

A

Tooth cleaning, if mild, Antibiotics, Surgery, if unresponsive, Tissue graft

41
Q

What is the prognosis for Periodontitis?

A

Varies with extent

42
Q

What are the prevention methods for Periodontitis?

A

Professional cleaning, Proper oral hygiene

43
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Oral Tumors?

A

Small, pale lumps, Benign: grow over time, not life threatening, Malignant: Not painful till advanced, can metastasize

44
Q

What is the etiology of Oral Tumors?

A

Unknown, tobacco makes worse

45
Q

How are Oral Tumors diagnosed?

A

Evaluation by oral surgeon, physician, Biopsy for malignancy

46
Q

What are the treatments for Oral Tumors?

A

Benign: Observe to make sure no malignancy. Excise if easily irritated

47
Q

What is the prognosis for Oral Tumors?

A

Benign: usually curable with excision

48
Q

What are the prevention methods for Oral Tumors?

A

Avoid chronic irritation to lips and mouth, Evaluate any lumps ASAP

49
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Malocclusion?

A

Faulty bite, Protrusion/recession of jaw, Turned/twisted teeth, Crowding, Mastication issues

50
Q

What is the etiology of Malocclusion?

A

Hereditary, Early loss of primary teeth, Thumb sucking, Airway issues, Shifting teeth to fill in gaps

51
Q

How is Malocclusion diagnosed?

A

Oral exam, Radiography

52
Q

What are the treatments for Malocclusion?

A

Braces, Extraction, Surgical removal of jaw parts, Combining crowns to fill in gaps

53
Q

What is the prognosis for Malocclusion?

A

Favourable with treatment

54
Q

What are the prevention methods for Malocclusion?

A

None for hereditary, Don’t suck thumb, Address airway issues

55
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome (TMJ)?

A

Limited jaw movement, Clicking sounds while chewing, Jaw/ear pain, Headaches, Dizziness, Feelings of pressure, Tinnitus, Sinus/muscle pain, Inadequate chewing

56
Q

What is the etiology of Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome (TMJ)?

A

Unbalanced muscle activity

57
Q

How is Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome (TMJ) diagnosed?

A

Oral exam, Inspection for infection, Biopsy in case of neoplasm

58
Q

What are the treatments for Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome (TMJ)?

A

Inflammatory causes: NSAIDs, Joint restructuring, Physical therapy, Stress counselling

59
Q

What is the prognosis for Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome (TMJ)?

A

Mild cases respond well to rest, Chronic cases need extended treatment

60
Q

What are the prevention methods for Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome (TMJ)?

A

Identify and treat underlying conditions

61
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Tooth Abscess?

A

Aches and throbs persistently, Pain when biting/chewing, Swollen/tender glands, Fever can develop, General malaise

62
Q

What is the etiology of Tooth Abscess?

A

Decaying/dying tooth, Exposed dental nerve, Receding gums, exposed root, Dead pulp invade surrounding tissue and jaw bone, leads to abscess

63
Q

How is Tooth Abscess diagnosed?

A

See dentist ASAP

64
Q

What are the treatments for Tooth Abscess?

A

Treat swelling to stop spread, Antibiotics, stop pain and swelling, Root canal, Dental crown filling, Apicectomy/extraction

65
Q

What is the prognosis for Tooth Abscess?

A

Early intervention and antibiotic treatment has best prognosis

66
Q

What are the prevention methods for Tooth Abscess?

A

Proper oral hygiene, Regular checkups

67
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Mouth Ulcers?

A

Pale yellow spots with red outline, Aphthous: clusters, lasts 3-4 days, Traumatic: single and larger, lasts a week or more

68
Q

What is the etiology of Mouth Ulcers?

A

Aphthous ulcers: caused by stress or illness, Traumatic ulcers: injury

69
Q

How are Mouth Ulcers diagnosed?

A

Blood test, Biopsy

70
Q

What are the treatments for Mouth Ulcers?

A

Antiseptic/steroid mouthwash, Warm saltwater rinse, Analgesics for pain, Avoid salt/spice, Antiviral cream/oral agent

71
Q

What is the prognosis for Mouth Ulcers?

A

Most ulcers heal spontaneously in a week

72
Q

What are the prevention methods for Mouth Ulcers?

A

None

73
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores)?

A

Cold sore blisters, lasts few hours or days, Red, swollen gums, Tingling and numbness around mouth, Vesicles appear

74
Q

What is the etiology of Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores)?

A

Herpes type 1, common cause, Virus can lie dormant, Stress, stimulants and nicotine can cause reoccurrence

75
Q

How is Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores) diagnosed?

A

Oral exam, Isolate virus from lesions

76
Q

What are the treatments for Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores)?

A

No cure, Mild cases, no treatment, Severe cases, medical attention, Antiviral medication/ointment

77
Q

What is the prognosis for Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores)?

A

Usually clears up uneventfully in 2 weeks, Reoccurs with trauma/stress

78
Q

What are the prevention methods for Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores)?

A

Early antivirals, Avoid people with cold sores, Gentle cleanse with antiseptic soap

79
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Thrush (Yeast Infection)?

A

Sore, pale yellow patches on mouth and throat, Burning sensation in mouth, Light bleeding possible, Common in children, elderly and immunodeficient

80
Q

What is the etiology of Thrush (Yeast Infection)?

A

Fungal infection, candida albicans (fungus that most people have), Chance increased with prolonged antibiotic use, such as during chemo or diabetes meds

81
Q

How is Thrush (Yeast Infection) diagnosed?

A

Oral exam, Blood test to isolate underlying conditions

82
Q

What are the treatments for Thrush (Yeast Infection)?

A

Antifungal medication

83
Q

What is the prognosis for Thrush (Yeast Infection)?

A

Tends to be reoccurring in some patients, Can spread to other body parts, Treat ASAP for best results

84
Q

What are the prevention methods for Thrush (Yeast Infection)?

A

Early antivirals, Avoid people with cold sores, Gentle cleanse with antiseptic soap, Rinse mouth well after using corticosteroids

HOSA Pathophysiology (1 decks)

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