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Chem test 4 > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the components of organic compounds?

A

Carbons, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, bromine (Br), chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F), iodine (I).

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2
Q

What are the representations of organic compounds?

A

Nonmetal, covalent bonds, molecular compounds (nonmetals).

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3
Q

What is saturation in organic compounds?

A

Can give carbon the maximum number of hydrogen atoms, only single bonds between carbons.

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4
Q

What is unsaturation in organic compounds?

A

At least one double or triple bond between carbons.

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5
Q

What are aromatic compounds?

A

Compounds with alternate double and single bonds, very stable (e.g., benzene ring).

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6
Q

What are aliphatic compounds?

A

Compounds that do not contain a benzene ring.

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7
Q

What are isomers?

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula.

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8
Q

What are constitutional isomers?

A

Isomers with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.

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9
Q

What are stereoisomers?

A

Isomers that have the same molecular formula but different orientations of groups.

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10
Q

What is the identifying feature of alkanes?

A

Single bond C-C.

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11
Q

What is the identifying feature of alkenes?

A

Double bond C=C.

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12
Q

What is the identifying feature of alkynes?

A

Triple bond.

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13
Q

What is the identifying feature of alcohols?

A

C-OH.

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14
Q

What is the identifying feature of ethers?

A

C-O-C.

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15
Q

What is the identifying feature of aldehydes?

A

CH=O at the end.

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16
Q

What is the identifying feature of ketones?

A

C-(C=O)-C.

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17
Q

What is the identifying feature of carboxylic acids?

A

C(=O)-OH.

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18
Q

What is the identifying feature of amines?

A

Nitrogen (NH2).

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19
Q

What is the identifying feature of esters?

A

(O=C)-O

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20
Q

What is the identifying feature of amides?

A

C(=O)-N.

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21
Q

What is a parent chain?

A

The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms; if it’s a ring, the parent chain is the ring.

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22
Q

What suffix indicates an alkane?

A

-ane.

23
Q

What suffix indicates an alkene?

A

-ene.

24
Q

What suffix indicates an alkyne?

A

-yne.

25
Q

What suffix indicates an alcohol?

A

-anol.

26
Q

What suffix indicates an aldehyde?

A

-anal.

27
Q

What suffix indicates a ketone?

A

-one.

28
Q

What suffix indicates a carboxylic acid?

A

-anoic acid.

29
Q

What suffix indicates an amine?

A

amines.

30
Q

What suffix indicates an ether?

A

ethers.

31
Q

What are the prefixes for the first four carbon chains?

A

1: meth, 2: eth, 3: prop, 4: but.

32
Q

What are the prefixes for 5-10 carbons?

A

Pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec

33
Q

What is the prefix for a ring structure?

A

Cyclo.

34
Q

What does ‘n’ represent?

A

Straight chain.

35
Q

What does ‘iso’ indicate?

A

A bend in the chain at a secondary carbon.

36
Q

What is the structure of methyl?

A

CH3.

37
Q

What is the structure of ethyl?

A

CH2CH3.

38
Q

What is the structure of propyl?

A

CH2CH2CH3.

39
Q

What does ‘F’ stand for?

A

Fluoro.

40
Q

What does ‘Cl’ stand for?

A

Chloro.

41
Q

What does ‘Br’ stand for?

A

Bromo.

42
Q

What does ‘I’ stand for?

A

Iodo.

43
Q

What does ‘OH’ represent?

A

Hydroxyl.

44
Q

What does ‘NH2’ represent?

A

Amino.

45
Q

What does ‘NO2’ represent?

A

Nitro.

46
Q

What is the general physical state of organic compounds with 1-4 carbons?

A

Gas.

47
Q

What is the general physical state of organic compounds with 5-17 carbons?

A

Liquid.

48
Q

What is the general physical state of organic compounds with 18 or more carbons?

A

Solid.

49
Q

What factors influence melting point and boiling point?

A

Depends on the number of carbons; more carbons lead to higher melting/boiling points.

50
Q

What is the order of melting/boiling points from lowest to highest?

A

1.Alkane, alkene, alkyne,
2. ether (single bond w/ O)
3. ketones, aldehydes (double bond w/O)
4. alcohol, amines (True H bond)
5. carboxylic acid (True H ond AND double bond w/ O)

51
Q

What compounds are insoluble in water?

A

Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes.

52
Q

What factors increase water solubility?

A

Presence of F, O, N, and ions (positive or negative charge).

53
Q

What factors decrease water solubility?

A

Number of carbons (5 or more is too many, won’t dissolve).

54
Q

How do organic compounds compare in density to water?

A

Organic compounds are less dense than water.

Chem test 4 (2 decks)

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