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Chem test 4 > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of organic compounds?

A

Carbons, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, bromine (Br), chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F), iodine (I).

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2
Q

What are the representations of organic compounds?

A

Nonmetal, covalent bonds, molecular compounds (nonmetals).

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3
Q

What is saturation in organic compounds?

A

Can give carbon the maximum number of hydrogen atoms, only single bonds between carbons.

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4
Q

What is unsaturation in organic compounds?

A

At least one double or triple bond between carbons.

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5
Q

What are aromatic compounds?

A

Compounds with alternate double and single bonds, very stable (e.g., benzene ring).

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6
Q

What are aliphatic compounds?

A

Compounds that do not contain a benzene ring.

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7
Q

What are isomers?

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula.

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8
Q

What are constitutional isomers?

A

Isomers with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.

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9
Q

What are stereoisomers?

A

Isomers that have the same molecular formula but different orientations of groups.

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10
Q

What is the identifying feature of alkanes?

A

Single bond C-C.

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11
Q

What is the identifying feature of alkenes?

A

Double bond C=C.

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12
Q

What is the identifying feature of alkynes?

A

Triple bond.

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13
Q

What is the identifying feature of alcohols?

A

C-OH.

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14
Q

What is the identifying feature of ethers?

A

C-O-C.

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15
Q

What is the identifying feature of aldehydes?

A

CH=O at the end.

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16
Q

What is the identifying feature of ketones?

A

C-(C=O)-C.

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17
Q

What is the identifying feature of carboxylic acids?

A

C(=O)-OH.

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18
Q

What is the identifying feature of amines?

A

Nitrogen (NH2).

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19
Q

What is the identifying feature of esters?

A

(O=C)-O

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20
Q

What is the identifying feature of amides?

A

C(=O)-N.

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21
Q

What is a parent chain?

A

The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms; if it’s a ring, the parent chain is the ring.

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22
Q

What suffix indicates an alkane?

23
Q

What suffix indicates an alkene?

24
Q

What suffix indicates an alkyne?

25
What suffix indicates an alcohol?
-anol.
26
What suffix indicates an aldehyde?
-anal.
27
What suffix indicates a ketone?
-one.
28
What suffix indicates a carboxylic acid?
-anoic acid.
29
What suffix indicates an amine?
amines.
30
What suffix indicates an ether?
ethers.
31
What are the prefixes for the first four carbon chains?
1: meth, 2: eth, 3: prop, 4: but.
32
What are the prefixes for 5-10 carbons?
Pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec
33
What is the prefix for a ring structure?
Cyclo.
34
What does 'n' represent?
Straight chain.
35
What does 'iso' indicate?
A bend in the chain at a secondary carbon.
36
What is the structure of methyl?
CH3.
37
What is the structure of ethyl?
CH2CH3.
38
What is the structure of propyl?
CH2CH2CH3.
39
What does 'F' stand for?
Fluoro.
40
What does 'Cl' stand for?
Chloro.
41
What does 'Br' stand for?
Bromo.
42
What does 'I' stand for?
Iodo.
43
What does 'OH' represent?
Hydroxyl.
44
What does 'NH2' represent?
Amino.
45
What does 'NO2' represent?
Nitro.
46
What is the general physical state of organic compounds with 1-4 carbons?
Gas.
47
What is the general physical state of organic compounds with 5-17 carbons?
Liquid.
48
What is the general physical state of organic compounds with 18 or more carbons?
Solid.
49
What factors influence melting point and boiling point?
Depends on the number of carbons; more carbons lead to higher melting/boiling points.
50
What is the order of melting/boiling points from lowest to highest?
1.Alkane, alkene, alkyne, 2. ether (single bond w/ O) 3. ketones, aldehydes (double bond w/O) 4. alcohol, amines (True H bond) 5. carboxylic acid (True H ond AND double bond w/ O)
51
What compounds are insoluble in water?
Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes.
52
What factors increase water solubility?
Presence of F, O, N, and ions (positive or negative charge).
53
What factors decrease water solubility?
Number of carbons (5 or more is too many, won’t dissolve).
54
How do organic compounds compare in density to water?
Organic compounds are less dense than water.

Chem test 4 (2 decks)

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