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Untitled Deck Flashcards

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1
Q

Haiti earthquake - estimated deaths

A

316,000 people estimated to have died (250,000 immediately)

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2
Q

Haiti earthquake - buildings collapsed

A

300,000 buildings collapsed (mainly capital Port-au-Prince)

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3
Q

Haiti earthquake - jobs lost

A

20% of jobs lost (clothing industry destroyed)

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4
Q

Haiti earthquake - cause of building collapse

A

Buildings collapsed due to pancaking, no steel reinforcement

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5
Q

Haiti earthquake - magnitude

A

Magnitude 7.0 on the Richter scale

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6
Q

Haiti earthquake - survivor response

A

Survivors evacuated to emergency shelters (camps)

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7
Q

Haiti earthquake - rubble clearance

A

98% of rubble still not cleared 6 months after earthquake

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8
Q

Haiti earthquake - people in emergency shelters

A

1,000,000 still in emergency shelters 1 year on (camps)

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9
Q

New Zealand earthquake - estimated deaths

A

185 people killed, despite magnitude of earthquake

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10
Q

New Zealand earthquake - buildings damaged

A

100,000 buildings damaged (mainly city of Christchurch)

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11
Q

New Zealand earthquake - school closures

A

Schools closed for just 2 weeks

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12
Q

New Zealand earthquake - injuries

A

2,000 people injured

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13
Q

New Zealand earthquake - magnitude

A

Magnitude 6.3 on the Richter scale

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14
Q

New Zealand earthquake - police response

A

300 police officers sent from Australia

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15
Q

New Zealand earthquake - restoration time

A

Only 1 month to restore water and sewerage

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16
Q

New Zealand earthquake - emergency response

A

New Zealand Emergency Response Team on scene within 1 hour

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17
Q

New Zealand earthquake - housing response

A

10,000 affordable houses built

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18
Q

New Zealand earthquake - building foundations

A

Government buildings built on rubber foundations

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19
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - most affected area

A

The Philippines most affected, low-lying coastal areas most hit

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20
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - estimated deaths

A

6,500 people killed, despite being most powerful storm on record

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21
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - buildings destroyed

A

80% of buildings in Tacloban city destroyed

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22
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - wind speed

A

195km/h winds – Category 5 on Sapphire-Simpson scale

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23
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - health issues

A

5,000 cases of dysentery, caused by overflowing latrine toilets

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24
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - evacuation success

A

800,000 people successfully evacuated

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25
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - sanitation issues

A

100,000 pit latrine (toilets) dug but overflowed in heavy rain

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26
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - highway response

A

Pan-Philippine highway reversed to allow more to evacuate

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27
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - flooding issues

A

Storm surge was a surprise, flooded buildings used for evac

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28
Q

Typhoon Haiyan - aid response

A

DFID Department for International Development (UK) sent aid

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29
Q

Solomon Islands rainforest - GNI

A

$1000 per capita GNI

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30
Q

Solomon Islands rainforest - rosewood value

A

A single rosewood tree can be worth $15,000

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31
Q

Solomon Islands rainforest - deforestation

A

50% of the tropical rainforest has been cut down

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32
Q

Solomon Islands rainforest - logging revenue

A

50% of Solomon Island’s GNI comes from commercial logging

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33
Q

Solomon Islands rainforest - local benefit

A

Only 2% of money from commercial logging goes to local people

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34
Q

Isabel Sustainable Forestry - tree cutting

A

Only 1 tree per day is cut down

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35
Q

Isabel Sustainable Forestry - revenue sharing

A

50% of the revenue goes to local people

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36
Q

Isabel Sustainable Forestry - certification

A

Logs are certified Fairtrade and FSC

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37
Q

Isabel Sustainable Forestry - local employment

A

Locals are employed to mill (process) the logs (secondary)

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38
Q

Isabel Sustainable Forestry - cutting method

A

Trees cut down by individually by chainsaw, not bulldozer

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39
Q

Mojave desert - mineral discovery

A

Gold and silver have been found in the Mojave desert (20 miners)

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40
Q

Mojave desert - tourism revenue

A

Tourism generates $1 billion a year

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41
Q

Mojave desert - solar energy project

A

200,000 houses can be powered by the solar energy project

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42
Q

Mojave desert - agriculture

A

Alfalfa is grown for animal feed (lots of sunlight)

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43
Q

Mojave desert - water source

A

Water for agriculture (farming) comes from groundwater

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44
Q

The Sahel - region extent

A

Sahel region extends 6000km east to west across Africa

45
Q

The Sahel - location

A

Southern fringe (edge) of the Sahara Desert

46
Q

The Sahel - desertification cause

A

Desertification (process) is mainly human-caused

47
Q

The Sahel - water conservation

A

Magic stones (Burkina Faso) trap water, increase soil fertility

48
Q

The Sahel - tree planting

A

Acacia trees (gum Arabic) planted in Great Green Wall

49
Q

River Fowey - source

A

Source of River Fowey is Bodmin Moor (300m above sea level)

50
Q

River Fowey - upper course geology

A

Upper course geology = granite. Landforms = interlocking spurs

51
Q

River Fowey - middle course geology

A

Geology changes to slate in middle course = less resistant

52
Q

River Fowey - waterfall formation

A

More resistant rock over less = waterfall (Golitha Falls)

53
Q

River Fowey - village location

A

Lostwithiel village built on meander bend in middle course

54
Q

Boscastle - flood management scheme

A

Scheme completed in 2008 in response to flood in 2004

55
Q

Boscastle - scheme cost

A

Cost £4.5 million to improve flood management, no flood since

56
Q

Boscastle - channel improvement

A

Channel made deeper and wider, increased capacity, less risk

57
Q

Boscastle - car park elevation

A

Car park raised 5m, reduced risk of damage to cars

58
Q

Boscastle - tree planting

A

Trees planted locally, more interception = longer lag time

59
Q

St Austell Bay - tourism value

A

Value: Charlestown, Carlyon Bay, tourism, Par dunes wildlife

60
Q

St Austell Bay - tourism revenue

A

£2 billion per year from tourism. 5000 residents at risk

61
Q

St Austell Bay - biodiversity

A

Par dunes: dormouse, sand lizard, common blue butterfly

62
Q

St Austell Bay - erosion vulnerability

A

Vulnerable: sandstone geology erodes up to 5cm per year

63
Q

St Austell Bay - coastal management

A

Charlestown sea wall, Par dune management, Carlyon Bay beach nourishment

64
Q

Plymouth - Vision Plymouth project

A

Vision Plymouth is an urban redevelopment project made up of Oceansgate housing, Park & Ride scheme and Drake Circus

65
Q

Plymouth - Drake Circus cost

A

Drakes Circus opened 2006, costing £170 million

66
Q

Plymouth - Park and Ride terminals

A

3 Park and Ride terminals are found in the suburbs of Plymouth

67
Q

Plymouth - Park and Ride financial loss

A

The Park and Ride loses £837 a day.

68
Q

Plymouth - Oceansgate regeneration

A

Oceansgate regeneration is in a Marine Enterprise Zone (tertiary and quaternary sector jobs)

69
Q

Plymouth - eco homes

A

80 grade A eco homes are built on the greenbelt (Roborough Eco Homes)

70
Q

Plymouth - job creation

A

Waste incinerator created 400 construction, 35 permanent jobs

71
Q

Plymouth - commuter villages

A

Gunnislake and Callington are commuter villages

72
Q

Plymouth - affordable housing

A

Affordable houses have been built in Devonport and Roborough

73
Q

Plymouth - brownfield site

A

Oceansgate is a brownfield site, having been previously built on

74
Q

Plymouth - job creation potential

A

It should create 1000s of secondary, tertiary and quaternary jobs

75
Q

Plymouth - spider species threat

A

Wolf Spider species under threat due to eco homes on greenbelt

76
Q

Plymouth - suburban traffic increase

A

Park and Ride has led to 9% increase in suburban traffic

77
Q

Plymouth - Park and Ride loss

A

Park and ride operates at a loss of £837 a day

78
Q

Plymouth - student impact

A

30,000 students impact noise, house prices and waste.

79
Q

Plymouth - migration impact

A

National migration (Polish migrants move to Devonport) impacts class sizes and doctor waiting times

80
Q

Mumbai - Vision Mumbai project

A

Vision Mumbai is an urban planning project. Involves new flats and clearing of Dharavi (the slums). Also includes new transport scheme (coastal road, monorail)

81
Q

Mumbai - migration rate

A

One person every minute migrates to Mumbai (from rural areas)

82
Q

Mumbai - sea trade

A

60% of sea trade comes through Mumbai (globally important)

83
Q

Mumbai - Dharavi population density

A

1 million people live in 1 square mile in Dharavi

84
Q

Mumbai - clean water availability

A

Clean water is available, but for only 2 hours each day

85
Q

Mumbai - urban planning goals

A

Vision Mumbai urban planning: clear slums, build apartments, transport scheme built involving a monorail and new coastal road to ease traffic.

86
Q

Mumbai - migration opportunities

A

People have migrated to Mumbai from rural areas like Gujarat

87
Q

Mumbai - factory worker income

A

Factory workers earn 3 times as much as farm labourers

88
Q

Mumbai - sanitation in rural India

A

In rural India, only 25% of the population have flush toilets

89
Q

Mumbai - literacy rate

A

90% of adults in Mumbai are literate

90
Q

Mumbai - positive multiplier effect

A

Positive multiplier effect created - more highly paid jobs, parents can send their children to school.

91
Q

Mumbai - housing quality

A

50% of people in Mumbai live in poor quality housing

92
Q

Mumbai - health issues

A

Typhoid and cholera are prevalent (common) in drinking water

93
Q

Mumbai - water and electricity availability

A

Water and electricity is only available for 2 hours a day in Dharavi

94
Q

Mumbai - school availability

A

The community school in Dharavi is open 2 days a week

95
Q

Mumbai - employment in Dharavi

A

80% of people in Dharavi are employed (many in informal sector)

96
Q

Kenya - life expectancy

A

Life expectancy is 57 years (UK is 80 years) but is increasing

97
Q

Kenya - GDP per capita

A

GDP is $1,580 per capita (UK: $39,000) but is increasing for some

98
Q

Kenya - agriculture

A

Fairtrade tea and green beans are grown in Kenya

99
Q

Kenya - intermediate technology

A

Intermediate technology: micro HEP and small scale solar panels

100
Q

Kenya - poverty rate

A

40% of the population still live below the poverty line

101
Q

Kenya - TNC presence

A

Toyota (TNC) have set up a truck and bus factory in Mombasa

102
Q

Kenya - factory cost

A

The plant cost $4 million to build, headquarters is in Japan

103
Q

Kenya - job creation

A

400 jobs have been created, and local business thrive (economic development)

104
Q

Kenya - truck sales

A

Toyota ‘Hino’ trucks sold tariff-free to East Africa Community

105
Q

Kenya - tourism revenue

A

2 million tourists visit each year, spending £5 billion

106
Q

Kenya - tourist attractions

A

Tourists visit Tsavo and Masai-Mara National Parks

107
Q

Kenya - safari expectations

A

Tourists on safari hope to see ‘Big 5’ including lions and elephants

108
Q

Kenya - tourism growth

A

Tourism has doubled in 20 years, puts pressure on wildlife (soil erosion)

109
Q

Kenya - airport access

A

Jomo Kenyatta airport is accessed by Kenya Airport Superhighway

Geography case facts (2 decks)

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