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life sciences > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What are ARV drugs?

A

ARV (antiretroviral drugs) decrease viral load and allow the immune system to strengthen.

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2
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms of life?

A

The 5 kingdoms of life are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

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3
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms.

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4
Q

What is an infectious disease?

A

An infectious disease is a disease caused by a pathogen.

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5
Q

What are anaerobic bacteria?

A

Anaerobic bacteria live in the absence of oxygen.

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6
Q

What are aerobic bacteria?

A

Aerobic bacteria live in the presence of oxygen.

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7
Q

What is chemosynthesis?

A

Chemosynthesis is the process by which energy is obtained from chemical processes.

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8
Q

What does parasitic mean?

A

Parasitic organisms obtain food from living organisms.

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9
Q

What does saprophytic mean?

A

Saprophytic organisms obtain food from dead material.

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10
Q

What does mutualistic mean?

A

Mutualistic refers to a symbiotic relationship with other organisms.

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11
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

Phagocytosis is the process by which an organism surrounds and engulfs food.

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12
Q

What is rhizopus?

A

Rhizopus is a fungus that occurs on food like bread, cake, and fruit.

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13
Q

What is a thallus?

A

A thallus is a structure with no true roots, stems, and leaves distinguished.

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14
Q

What role does vitamin K play in the human body?

A

Vitamin K plays a role in human blood clotting.

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15
Q

What is peripheral neuropathy?

A

Peripheral neuropathy is pain in hands and feet (pins and needles).

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16
Q

What is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogen causing tuberculosis.

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17
Q

What is a vector?

A

A vector is an organism (anthropod) that transmits a pathogen from one host to another.

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18
Q

What is Plasmodium?

A

Plasmodium is a parasitic disease that causes malaria.

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19
Q

What is cerebral malaria?

A

Cerebral malaria is brain damage caused by malaria.

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20
Q

What is Candida albicans?

A

Candida albicans is a fungal infection that causes candidiasis.

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21
Q

What is an immune response?

A

An immune response is the way an organism protects itself against pathogenic viruses.

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22
Q

What is natural immunity?

A

Natural immunity is immunity present at birth.

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23
Q

What is acquired immunity?

A

Acquired immunity is immunity developed through exposure.

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24
Q

What are antigens?

A

Antigens are protein molecules.

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25
Q

What are leucocytes?

A

Leucocytes are white blood cells.

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26
Q

What is immunisation?

A

Immunisation is the administration of a vaccine to develop immunity to a disease (injection/orally).

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27
Q

What are the 4 plant groups?

A

The 4 plant groups are bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

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28
Q

What is the gametophyte generation?

A

The gametophyte generation is sexual and produces gametes.

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29
Q

What is the sporophyte generation?

A

The sporophyte generation is asexual and produces spores.

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30
Q

What is a zygote?

A

A zygote is the beginning of the sporophyte generation.

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31
Q

What are stamens?

A

Stamens are the pollen-producing male reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an anther and filament.

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32
Q

What is a pistil?

A

The pistil is the female reproductive part of a flower.

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33
Q

What are spermatophytes?

A

Spermatophytes are seed-bearing plants that include flowering and cone-bearing plants.

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34
Q

What is self-pollination?

A

Self-pollination is the transfer of ripe pollen from anther to receptive stigma of the same flower or other flower on the same plant.

35
Q

What is cross-pollination?

A

Cross-pollination is the transfer of ripe pollen from anther of one flower to the receptive stigma of a flower on another plant.

36
Q

What is a pollinator?

A

A pollinator is an agent/vector that transfers ripe pollen from an anther to a receptive stigma so that fertilisation may occur.

37
Q

What are invertebrates?

A

Invertebrates are animals without a vertebral column.

38
Q

What are vertebrates?

A

Vertebrates are animals with a vertebral column.

39
Q

What is ectoderm?

A

Ectoderm is the outer germ layer.

40
Q

What is endoderm?

A

Endoderm is the inner germ layer.

41
Q

What is mesoderm?

A

Mesoderm is the germ layer in between.

42
Q

What is a coelom?

A

A coelom is an internal fluid-filled cavity that separates the digestive tract from the body wall.

43
Q

What is an acoelomate?

A

An acoelomate is an organism with no cavity in the mesoderm.

44
Q

What is a pseudocoelomate?

A

A pseudocoelomate has a coelom, although it is not surrounded by mesoderm tissue.

45
Q

What is a coelomate?

A

A coelomate has a true coelom: a cavity in the mesoderm.

46
Q

What is a through gut?

A

A through gut indicates that digestion is a continuous process; it has a mouth and anus.

47
Q

What is cephalisation?

A

Cephalisation is the development of an anterior end where the sensory organs and nervous tissue are concentrated, called the head.

48
Q

What is ecology?

A

Ecology is the study of mutual interaction among living organisms and their environment.

49
Q

What is population ecology?

A

Population ecology focuses on factors influencing population size, growth rate, and the distribution of individuals inside a population.

50
Q

What does biotic mean?

A

Biotic refers to living factors.

51
Q

What does abiotic mean?

A

Abiotic refers to non-living factors.

52
Q

What is carrying capacity?

A

Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals that the environment can sustain.

53
Q

What are density-dependent factors?

A

Density-dependent factors are factors, such as competition, space, and food, which play a role in high population densities.

54
Q

What is an ecological niche?

A

An ecological niche is a species-specific role to play in a community.

55
Q

What is the greenhouse effect?

A

The greenhouse effect is created when radiant energy moves through glass panels and the heat is trapped inside.

56
Q

What is a carbon footprint?

A

A carbon footprint is the sum of all CO2 emissions from a person’s activities.

57
Q

What is water quality?

A

Water quality refers to the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water.

58
Q

What is eutrophication?

A

Eutrophication is a process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to increased growth of organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria.

59
Q

What does fallow mean?

A

Fallow refers to land that is ploughed but not planted on for one or more seasons.

60
Q

What is reduction of gene pool?

A

Reduction of gene pool refers to the decrease in the variety of genes by removing undesirable traits.

61
Q

What is sustainable use?

A

Sustainable use is the use of resources so there is a sufficient supply for future generations.

62
Q

What is solid waste?

A

Solid waste is solid/semi-solid insoluble material.

63
Q

What is general waste?

A

General waste doesn’t pose an immediate danger or threat to health.

64
Q

What is hazardous waste?

A

Hazardous waste contains harmful, toxic, and/or explosive substances.

65
Q

What is phytoremediation?

A

Phytoremediation is the use of green plants to prevent/remove toxic substances from the area.

66
Q

What is mycelium?

A

Mycelium is all the hyphae of a fungus together.

67
Q

What is an algae bloom?

A

An algae bloom is a rapid uncontrolled increase in algae growth.

68
Q

What is a hermaphrodite?

A

A hermaphrodite is an organism that possesses both male and female reproductive organs.

69
Q

What is a haemocoel?

A

Haemocoel is a blood-filled cavity.

70
Q

What is interspecific competition?

A

Interspecific competition is competition between members of different species.

71
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

Biodiversity is the number and variety of different organisms in an area.

72
Q

What are greenhouse gases?

A

Greenhouse gases are gases in the atmosphere that absorb heat energy that is reradiated from the earth, causing the atmospheric temperature to increase.

73
Q

What is biological control?

A

Biological control is the use of living organisms to regulate the numbers of a pest species.

74
Q

What is monoculture?

A

Monoculture is planting the same crop year after year on the same piece of land.

75
Q

What is Salmonella typhi?

A

Salmonella typhi is a bacterium that causes typhoid.

76
Q

What is the definition of a dam?

A

A dam is a barrier that is built across a river in order to block and control the flow of water.

77
Q

What is food security?

A

Food security is the availability and access to adequate, safe, and nutritious food to people at all times.

78
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

Genetic engineering is the deliberate changing of an organism’s traits by manipulating its genetic material.

79
Q

What is a sorus (sori)?

A

A sorus (sori) is a cluster of sporangia found on the underside of fern leaflets.

80
Q

What is plasmodium?

A

Plasmodium is the protozoan that causes malaria.

81
Q

What are limiting factors?

A

Limiting factors are a group of factors that prevent a population from growing indefinitely or becoming too big and exceeding its maximum growth rate.

82
Q

What is a bacteriophage?

A

A bacteriophage is a virus that infects a bacterial cell.

83
Q

What is E. coli?

A

E. coli lives in the human intestine and produces vitamin K and B.

84
Q

What is the female Anopheles?

A

The female Anopheles is the mosquito that carries and transmits malaria.

life sciences (2 decks)

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