Untitled 1 Flashcards
RD
2.1 Name the function of the Federal Register.
A daily publication that provides Federal agency regulations, proposed health regulations and schedules of Federal hearing.s
2.2 Name the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines.
To prevent chronic disease. They also aid in planning for community nutrition programs.
2.3 Name the foods that must be included in a school breakfast funded by the USDA.
Milk, fruit or vegetables, 2 breads, or 1 bread and a meat.
2.4 Why would you see decreased serume calcium when serum albumin is low?
Albumin is a carrier of calcium. Low calcium values do not necessarily mean deficiency during low albumin status due to active calcium not bound to albumin.
2.5 List the enrollment criteria for the WIC program.
Low income, nutritional risk. Either pregnant, postpartum (6 mo), lactating (1 year) or child under 5.
2.6 Name the services that the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) provide.
Nutrition education to those families with children under the age of 19 who are at greatest nutritional risk and low income.
2.7 The Nutrition and Training Program (NET) provides nutrition education to which population?
To teachers and school lunch foodservice workers.
2.8 What is deficient when cracked lips, spoon-shaped nails and easily plucked hair is observed?
B vitamins, iron and protein.
2.9 Name the piece of legislation that provides home delivered meals, congregate meals, and nutrition programs for senior citizens.
Older Americans Act (AKA Title III). Note that Meals on Wheels is not a government program.
2.10 Describe the population who qualifies for Medicare.
People who are over 65 years who have paid Social Security 40 quarters or 10 years.
2.11 Who qualifies for Medicaid?
Those who are indigent, blind, mentally or physically handicapped.
2.12 Describe the differences in urea and creatinine excretion.
Urea excretion is related to protein intake. Creatinine excretion is related to muscle mass.
2.13 Describe the primary goal of the World Health Organization (WHO).
To improve the nutritional status of infants and pregnant women.
2.14 Name the primary goal of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
Increase the food supply through agriculture.
2.15 Compare surveys with surveillance programs.
Surveys are conducted once in a given timeframe. A surveillance program is ongoing or continuous.
2.16 Why would you take iron preparations with meals?
To avoid gastric distress.
2.17 Name the food restrictions in Judaism.
No pork products (gelatin contains pork products), fish must have fins/scales such as cod or halibut (no shellfish, squid, etc.), no meat/poultry or dairy combined in the same meal (i.e. Pepperoni Pizza), no foods containing blood.
2.18 Describe the food practices that Roman Catholics may follow.
No meat on Fridays, Ash Wednesday and Good Friday. No eating between meals on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday. These restrictions do not apply for those who are on therapeutic diets or the elderly.
2.19 Outline the food practices of those whom are Seventh Day Adventists.
No pork, no ETOH, no caffeine (coffee, tea, cola), no meat broth.
2.2 What is the main disadvantage of taking anti-depressants?
Weight gain and increased appetite.
2.21 List the food limitations of the Mormon populations.
No ETOH, no caffeine containing beverages.
2.22 List some frequently eaten foods by the Native American population.
A variety of meats, nuts, berries, corn, jerky, maple syrup, tomatoes, and squash. There is a high prevalence of lactose intolerance in this population.
2.23 Name the report that provides information for the formulation of the “10 Leading Causes of Death in the US”
The Surgeon Generals Report. Heart Disease, stroke and cancer are the top three causes of death in this country, and dietary factors play a role in each.
2.24 What medication is affected by sodium consumption?
Lithium
2.25 Compare the fat, protein and CHO content of 1L of human breast milk to that of formula.
Human milk contains 45g fat, 9-11g protein and 70g CHO. Formula contains 33-36g fat, 15g protein and 74-96g CHO.
2.26 What is the least amount of weight a woman should gain during pregnancy?
15lbs. If a woman is obese (BMI (>29) prior to pregnancy, she should gain between 15-25 lbs during pregnancy.
2.27 What is the recommended total weight gain for a pregnant woman that is underweight prior to pregnancy?
28-40lbs. Underweight is categorizes as BMI <19.8
2.28 What nutrients are affected when taking Levodopa?
B6 and protein.
2.29 What is the total recommended weight gain fro a pregnant woman who was the right weight for height prior to pregnancy?
25-35lbs. Normal weight for height is categorized as BMI 19.8-26.
2.30 List the 1800 kcal Food Guide Pyramid recommendations.
6oz grains (1/2 whole grains), 2.5 cups vegetables, 1.5 cups fruits, 3 cups dairy, 5 oz meat/poultry, fats and sweets sparingly – each every day. Get oils from fish, nuts and liquid oils such as corn, soybean and canola. Be prepared to compare a day’s menu to the Food Guide Pyramid to identify which food groups are lacking.
2.31 Define an entitlement program.
Qualifications of entitlement programs are based on income or other eligibility requirements. School Lunch and Food Stamps are examples of entitlement programs.
2.32 What is usually the initial problem with HIV/AIDS patients?
Anemia
2.33 Compare prevalence with incidence.
Prevalence is the number of cases of a disease at a particular time (i.e. 10% of the population has AIDS). Incidence is the number of new cases (i.e. 3000 new causes of HIV reported in 1992).
2.34 Describe cost-effectiveness analysis.
Measures the benefit of a program/service in monetary terms. Fore example $1 per point of cholesterol lowered. Usually measured per outcome.
2.35 Describe cost-benefit analysis.
Measures the amount of money saved 2* to a program’s outcome. For example, a weight loss program costs $250 to run, but produces $1000 in reduced medical costs (savings), the cost-benefit ratio is 1:4 (cost of program / savings in costs = cost-benefit ratio).
2.36 What does SOAP stand for in the Problem Oriented Medical Record PMOR)?
Subjective, Objective Assessment Plan.
2.37 List foods that would help increase a Vegan’s iron intake.
Bakes beans, other dried beans, enriched cereals, raisins, etc. The most common food answer on the RD exam is baked beans.
2.38 List some common foods eaten by the Mexican-American population.
Corn or flour tortillas, refried beans, peppers, burritos, and rice. If trying to reduce the amount of cholesterol in a Mexican-American’s diet, you would want to recommend plain boiled beans over refried beans.
2.39 Describe the difference between the symbol U and the symbol K seen on food packages.
U stands for Union of Orthodox Jews. K stands for Rabbi supervised.
2.40 What is the first thing a dietitian should do in most clinical and management situations?
Assess and evaluate. On the RD exam, the answer will usually be assess or evaluate if given the choice on any question!
2.41 Name the groups of people that use very little milk in their diet.
Mexicans, Asians, Native Americans.
2.42 Define acculturation.
Occurs when one culture adopts cultural habits of another culture. For example, when Mexicans begin to adopt US eating habits.
2.43 Describe one factor that the RD needs to consider when obtaining food preferences from patients from a culture other than their own.
Cultural beliefs about certain foods and eating practices. This may cause non acceptance of particular food choices.
2.44 What is the most important dietary concern with HIV/AIDS patients?
Food safety.
2.45 Name the foods that are not acceptable in a vegan diet.
Any type of animal product, this includes eggs, milk, fish, poultry, etc. The vegan diet consists mainly of fruits, vegetables, grains and legumes. Remember gelatin contains pork products.
2.46 Name the populations that would most benefit from the use of the Hedonic Scale.
Children and non-English speaking people.
2.47 Define complimentary proteins.
The various mixing of protein containing foods that provides a total mixture of the essential AAs when eaten in combination. This helps ensure that there is adequate intake of all the essential AAs. Beans and rice for example.
2.48 What nutrients are most important in HIV/AIDS patients?
Protein and calories.
2.49 Name the foods that a lactovegetarian would restrict.
Meat, poultry, fish and eggs. Milk and dairy products are allowed in this diet.
2.50 Name a calcium rich food that would be a acceptable in a Mexican-American diet.
Broccoli and cheese.
2.51 Name a culturally acceptable grain product of the Middle Eastern population.
Bulgur. Rice would be another acceptable answer.
2.52 An HIV patient has a consistent temperateus of 104 degrees F. What percentage increase would be in the kcals needed to maintain body weight?
Increase 7* for each F over 98.6, and inc. 5* for each C over 37 (answer is 37.8% increase)
2.53 Name the best possible way to attract low-income teenagers to nutrition education programs.
Through radio advertisements.
2.54 What population’s diet is often deficient in calcium, iron and vitamin C.
Teenage girls.
2.55 Why should infants not consume honey for the first year of life?
May cause botulism in infants. The processing process of honey doesn’t ensure the destruction of botulism. The young GI tract of infants may favor the growth of the spores.
2.56 What is the most influential factor in hypertension?
Obesity. Alcohol is another factor but not the most influential.
2.57 Discuss the reasons why it is important for infants to not drink from a bottle while lying down.
May cause ear infections and dental caries. This includes not taking a bottle to bed. Sugars from formula and juice collect on teeth and in ear canal providing food for bacteria to grow.
2.58 Describe the velocity of linear growth of a newborn into teenage years.
Newborns grow at a very rapid rate and slow down with age.
2.59 Name the most appropriate tool for assessing height and weight measurements in children.
National Center for Health Statistics Percentiles 9NCHS Percentiles)
