UNTIS 2 EXAM FINAL

Question 1

Verification

Answer 1

The process of checking that data entered matches the original source (e.g., proofreading).

Question 2

Validation

Answer 2

Ensuring the reasonableness and completeness of data, using existence, range, and type checks.

Question 3

Testing

Answer 3

Ensuring the solution operates as intended, using test data and testing methods.

Question 4

Types of Testing

Answer 4

Informal Testing: Ongoing testing done while working.
Formal Testing: Pre-planned and documented tests, including testing tables.

Question 5

Evaluation

Answer 5

Determining how well the solution meets the set requirements after implementation.

Question 6

Evaluation Criteria

Answer 6

Measures of efficiency (time, cost, effort) and effectiveness (accessibility, accuracy, usability).

Question 7

Data Types

Answer 7

Binary Data: Data represented as 0s and 1s, used in images and sound.
Boolean Data: True or False data (e.g., Yes/No answers).
Character Data: Letters, numbers, or symbols.
Numeric Data: Includes integers and floating-point numbers.

Question 8

Design Principles

Answer 8

Usability: Flexibility, accessibility, robustness.
Appearance: Contrast, alignment, balance, space, text and table formatting and image use.

Question 9

Effectiveness

Answer 9

Definition: How well a solution achieves its goals, including factors like accuracy, usability, and completeness.

Question 10

Efficiency

Answer 10

How well time, cost, and effort are used to achieve intended results.

Question 11

Databases - DO IT AT THE END/ EMAIL TO ASK IF THIS ON TEST.

Answer 11

Flat File: A database with no links between tables (single table).
Relational Database: A database where tables are linked via keys (e.g., primary keys).
One-to-One Relationship: One record in one table is linked to one record in another.
One-to-Many Relationship: One record in one table links to multiple records in another table.
Primary Key: A unique identifier for records in a table.
Secondary Key: Used for searching but not unique.

Question 12

Query, Forms, and Reports

Answer 12

Query: A request for data retrieval from a database.
Form: An interface for entering or displaying data.
Report: Structured output, usually formatted for printing.

Question 13

Spreadsheets

Answer 13

Setup: Includes multiple worksheets, tables, graphs, and data manipulation.
Formats and Conventions: Presentation of data, alignment, and correct data types.
Manipulation of data: Formula, coding data.

Question 14

Webpages

Answer 14

Setup: Requires proper file structure, templates, and folders for assets (CSS, images).
Formats and Conventions: Aligning content, presenting data correctly.
Manipulation of data: Edit text, create links.

Question 15

Website Design Tools

Answer 15

IPO Charts: Define inputs, processes, and outputs.
Storyboards: Visual layouts of web content.
Sitemaps: Hierarchical structure of the website.

Question 16

Qualitative Data

Answer 16

Descriptive data (e.g., interview responses, observations).

Question 17

Quantitative Data

Answer 17

Measurable data, usually numeric (e.g., survey statistics).

Question 18

Primary Data

Answer 18

Data collected firsthand by the user.

Question 19

Secondary Data

Answer 19

Data collected by someone else, such as reports and articles.

Question 20

Data Integrity

Answer 20

Ensures data is accurate, authentic, and timely.

Question 21

Bias

Answer 21

Factors that may affect the quality and reliability of data.

Question 22

Guidelines for Creating Charts

Answer 22

Ensure clarity, label axes, use appropriate colors and scales.

Question 23

Types of Graphs

Answer 23

Bar charts, pie charts, line graphs, scatter plots—all serve different data visualization purposes.

Question 24

Data Collection Techniques

Answer 24

Surveys: Collect responses through questions.
Interviews: In-depth, qualitative responses.
Direct Observation: Monitoring behaviors or data collection directly.

Question 25

Project Management ( Gantt Chart, Milestones, Critical Path).

Answer 25

Gantt Chart: Shows project timelines and task dependencies.
Milestones: Key events or deliverables within the project.
Critical Path: A sequence of tasks that determine the minimum time needed to complete the project.

Question 26

Acts

Answer 26

Privacy and Data Protection Act 2014: Governs the handling of personal data in Victoria. anyomonity, use and discloscure of personal information.
Health Records Act 2001: Protects personal health information.
Copyright Act: Governs intellectual property rights over created works. use and disclosure and anyomninity.
Privacy Act 1988 - Australia-wide and for business with turnover of more than 3 mil. anayoninity and pseudominity, use and disclousre of personal information.

Question 27

Ethical Dilemma ( How to Solve)

Answer 27

Identify the problem.
Identify stakeholders and consequences.
Identify ethical standards.
Evaluate options.
Make a decision.

Question 28

APA Referencing (6th or 7th Edition) For websites and books.

Answer 28

Books: Author, A. A. (Year). Title. Publisher.
Webpages: Author, A. A. (Year). Title. Retrieved from URL.

Question 29

Network Advantages and Disadvantages

Answer 29

Advantages: Sharing data.
Disadvantages: Requires skilled staff, expensive to maintain.

Question 30

Types of Networks

Answer 30

LAN: Local Area Network, for small areas.
WAN: Wide Area Network, covering larger geographical areas.

Question 31

Network Architecture

Answer 31

Peer-to-Peer: All devices have equal status in the network.
Client-Server: Centralized control, where clients request resources from servers.

Question 32

Wired Networks

Answer 32

Advantages: Faster data transfer.
Disadvantages: Lack of mobility.

Question 33

Types of Cable

Answer 33

UTP: Unshielded twisted pair, used for most local networks.
Fibre Optic: High-speed cable, used for long-distance data transmission.

Question 34

Network Hardware

Answer 34

NIC: Network Interface Card, allows devices to connect to a network.
Router: Routes data between networks.
Switch: Connects devices within a network.

Question 35

Network Software

Answer 35

Network Operating System: Software that manages network resources and connectivity.

Question 36

Internet Protocols

Answer 36

TCP: Breaks data into packets and reassembles them.
IP: Routes data packets to the correct destination.

Question 37

VPN

Answer 37

(Virtual Private Network)- A secure, encrypted connection over the internet.

Question 38

NAS

Answer 38

(Network-Attached Storage)-A dedicated file storage device that provides data access over a network.

Question 39

Data Security- Threats

Answer 39

Accidental (data loss), deliberate (hacking), event-based (disasters).

Question 40

Data Security- Controls

Answer 40

Software security (encryption) and physical controls (locks, surveillance)

Question 41

Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP)

Answer 41

Emergency Plan: Defines procedures for handling immediate threats.
Backup Plan: Ensures data backups are stored and can be restored.
Restoration Plan: Outlines steps for restoring data and systems.

Question 42

Existence, Range and Type Check.

Answer 42

Existence check: Ensuring required fields are not empty, for example a valid coupon code must be recorderd in the copoun field.
Range check: Data falls within a certain range.
Type check: Data is of the correct type.

Question 43

Network Hardware and Software

Answer 43

Hardware: NIC, routers, switches, modems, firewalls.
Software: Operating systems, protocols like TCP/IP and FTP.

Question 44

Problem Solving Methodology

Answer 44

Analysis: Solution ( requiremnets, constraints and scope).
Design: Solution design and evaluvation crieteria.
Development: Manipulation, validation, testing and documentation.
Evaluation: Solution evaluvation and evluavtion stradegy.