Unri Flashcards
Major excretory system of the body
The urinary system
Urinary function
- Excretion
- Regulation of blood volume and pressure
- Regulation of blood solute concentration
- Regulation of extracellular fluid ph
- ”” red blood cell synthesis
- ”” Vitamin D synthesis
Components of urinary system
- TWO KIDNEYS
- TWO ureters
- One urinary bladder
- One urethra
Kidney Characteristic
- Bilateral retroperitoneal
- Bean shape
- Weigh 5 ounces (Bar of soap or size of fist)
- Between 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae
Connective tissue around each kidney
Renal capsule
Protects and acts as barrier
Renal capsule
Indentation
Hilum
Contains renal artery, veins, nerves and ureter
Hilum
Contains renal pelvis, blood vessel and fat
Renal sinus
Outer portion
Renal cortex
Inner portion
Renal medulla
Cone shaped structures in medulla, project into cortex
Renal pyramid
Tip of pyramid which drains into calyces
Renal papillae
Where calyces join and narrow to form ureter
Renal pelvis
Functional unit of kidney
Nephron
_______ One million nephron??
Each kidney
Appx. 15% are??
Juxtamedullary
The nephron includes… ?
- Renal corpuscle
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Loop of henle
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting ducts
Types of nephrons
- Juxtamedullary neph
- Cortical neph
- Renal corpuscle
Deep in the cortex near the medulla
Renal corpuscle
Extend deep into the medulla
Long loop of henle
Well adapted for water conservation
Juxtamedullary
15% of nephrons
Juxtamedullary
Renal corpuscle distributed throughout the cortex
Cortical nephrons
Loops of henle are shorter and closer to the outer edge of the cortex than juxtamedullary
Cortical nephrons
To filter blood
Renal corpuscle
Ball of yarn/ network of capillaries
Glomerulus
Enlarged end of nephron that surrounds glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Contains podocytes
Bowman’s capsule
Prodocytes
Specialized cells around glomerular capillaries
Highly permeable due to the presence of pores.
Porous capillaries
Large proteins and blood cells can fit through it.
Porous capillaries
Bowman’s capsule consists of two layers
- Outer layer - simple squamous epithelial cells that becomes cube- shaped
- Inner layer - prodocytes that wraps around glomerulus capillaries
Chsracteristics of renal corpuscle
- High pressure
- Afferent arteriole - supplies blood to the glomerulus for filtration ( high pressure capillaries)
- Efferent arteriole - transports the filtered to blood away from glomerulus. ( smaller diamter)
4.
Structures in the cospuscle make up of?
Filtration membrane
is the fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries. Enters the lumen inside the Bowman capsule.
Filtrate
specialized cells of the afferent arteriole and distal convoluted tubule in close contact with each other.
Juxtaglomerulus
specialized
smooth muscle cells located where the
alteren arerole enters he renal corpuscle
Juxtaglomerulus cells
part of the distal convoluted tubule that lies between the afferent and efferent arterioles next to the renal corpuscle.
Macula densa
is an important regulatory structure.
Juxtaglomerulus apparatus
renin by the juxtaglomerular apparatus plays an important role in the regulation of filtrate formation and blood pressure.
Secretion of the enzyme
• where filtrate passes first
• drains filtrate from Bowman capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
• contains descending and ascending loops
• water and solutes pass through thin walls by diffusion
Loops of henle
