Unknowns Flashcards

1
Q

Solubility Test

A

Carboxylic acids(if small), phenols, amines, small organics, ketones (if small)

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2
Q

Cerium Test

A

Alcohols and Phenols

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3
Q

Ferric Test

A

Phenols and Esters

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4
Q

Tollens Test

A

Aldehydes

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5
Q

Nitrous Test

A

Amines

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6
Q

Ferrous Hydroxide Test

A

Nitro groups

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7
Q

Silver Nitrate Test

A

Alkyl halides

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8
Q

How can Aceton give a false positive test with a cerium test?

A

can often give a false positive when glassware is used that has just been washed with water and acetone because: acetone is a ketone that can leave residues that react wit DNP, forming a precipitate that mimics the presence of carbonyl compounds.

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9
Q

Solubility in Pure Water

A

Polar compounds: Small polar molecules, alcohols, amines, carboxylic acids

Ionic compounds: salts, and strong acids/bases

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10
Q

Solubility in 5% NaHCO3

A

Not water soluble at pH 7 but soluble in 5% sodium bicarbonate

Weak acids: Carboxylic acids and phenols (they react with bicarbonate to form soluble salts)

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11
Q

Solubility in 1M NaOH

A

Soluble in strong base : NaOH
Phenols
some amines

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12
Q

Solubility in 6M HCl

A

Soluble in acid (HCl)
Bases: Amines

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13
Q

Carboxylic acids : Soluble things

A

Pure water: depends on size . if long, then int prevents the compound from mixing with water.

5% NaHCo3: soluble
1M NaOH : soluble
6M HCl: Generally soluble .. small carboxylic acids are soluble.

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14
Q

Carboxylic Acids: insoluble things

A

long chains in pure water

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15
Q

Esters: Soluble things

A

Pure water: small esters might..

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16
Q

Esters: insoluble things

A

5% NaHCO3
1M NaOH
6M HCl

17
Q

Alcohols: soluble things

A

Pure water : only if its small

18
Q

Alcohols: insoluble things

A

5% NaHCO3
1M NaOH
6M HCl

19
Q

Phenols: Soluble things

A

Water: slightly
5% NaHCO3: Soluble
1M NaOH : Soluble

20
Q

Phenols: insoluble things

A

6M HCl: insoluble

21
Q

Amines: Soluble things

A

Water: Only if small
6M HCl: soluble

22
Q

Amines: insoluble things

A

5% NaHCO3: insoluble
1M HaOH: Insoluble

23
Q

Aldehydes: Soluble things

A

Pure water: only if small

24
Q

Aldehydes: Insoluble things

A

5% NaHCO3: insoluble
1M NaOH: insoluble
6M NaOH: insoluble

25
Ketone: soluble things
Pure water: only if small
26
Ketone: Insoluble things
5% NaHCO3: insoluble 1M NaOH: insoluble 6M NaOH: insoluble
27
Amines - at what condition is it soluble?
Soluble under acidic conditions
28
Why phenol become soluble in 1M naoH ?
Phenols are more acidic than alcohols, since the phenoxide has resonance the alkoxide doesn’t.
29
29
Briefly explain why the cerium test is ambiguous for especially large alcohols.
If the large alcohol isn’t soluble in water, then it won’t be able to form a complex with cerium so will give a false negative result.