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Chem 242 > Unknowns > Flashcards

Unknowns Flashcards

1
Q

Solubility Test

A

Carboxylic acids(if small), phenols, amines, small organics, ketones (if small)

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2
Q

Cerium Test

A

Alcohols and Phenols

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3
Q

Ferric Test

A

Phenols and Esters

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4
Q

Tollens Test

A

Aldehydes

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5
Q

Nitrous Test

A

Amines

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6
Q

Ferrous Hydroxide Test

A

Nitro groups

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7
Q

Silver Nitrate Test

A

Alkyl halides

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8
Q

How can Aceton give a false positive test with a cerium test?

A

can often give a false positive when glassware is used that has just been washed with water and acetone because: acetone is a ketone that can leave residues that react wit DNP, forming a precipitate that mimics the presence of carbonyl compounds.

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9
Q

Solubility in Pure Water

A

Polar compounds: Small polar molecules, alcohols, amines, carboxylic acids

Ionic compounds: salts, and strong acids/bases

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10
Q

Solubility in 5% NaHCO3

A

Not water soluble at pH 7 but soluble in 5% sodium bicarbonate

Weak acids: Carboxylic acids and phenols (they react with bicarbonate to form soluble salts)

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11
Q

Solubility in 1M NaOH

A

Soluble in strong base : NaOH
Phenols
some amines

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12
Q

Solubility in 6M HCl

A

Soluble in acid (HCl)
Bases: Amines

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13
Q

Carboxylic acids : Soluble things

A

Pure water: depends on size . if long, then int prevents the compound from mixing with water.

5% NaHCo3: soluble
1M NaOH : soluble
6M HCl: Generally soluble .. small carboxylic acids are soluble.

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14
Q

Carboxylic Acids: insoluble things

A

long chains in pure water

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15
Q

Esters: Soluble things

A

Pure water: small esters might..

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16
Q

Esters: insoluble things

A

5% NaHCO3
1M NaOH
6M HCl

17
Q

Alcohols: soluble things

A

Pure water : only if its small

18
Q

Alcohols: insoluble things

A

5% NaHCO3
1M NaOH
6M HCl

19
Q

Phenols: Soluble things

A

Water: slightly
5% NaHCO3: Soluble
1M NaOH : Soluble

20
Q

Phenols: insoluble things

A

6M HCl: insoluble

21
Q

Amines: Soluble things

A

Water: Only if small
6M HCl: soluble

22
Q

Amines: insoluble things

A

5% NaHCO3: insoluble
1M HaOH: Insoluble

23
Q

Aldehydes: Soluble things

A

Pure water: only if small

24
Q

Aldehydes: Insoluble things

A

5% NaHCO3: insoluble
1M NaOH: insoluble
6M NaOH: insoluble

25
Q

Ketone: soluble things

A

Pure water: only if small

26
Q

Ketone: Insoluble things

A

5% NaHCO3: insoluble
1M NaOH: insoluble
6M NaOH: insoluble

27
Q

Amines - at what condition is it soluble?

A

Soluble under acidic conditions

28
Q

Why phenol become soluble in 1M naoH ?

A

Phenols are more acidic than alcohols, since the phenoxide has resonance the alkoxide doesn’t.

29
Q
A
29
Q

Briefly explain why the cerium test is ambiguous for especially large alcohols.

A

If the large alcohol isn’t soluble in water, then it won’t be able to form a complex with cerium so will give a false negative result.

Chem 242 (8 decks)

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