Universe

Question 1

a brightness scale used to measure how bright a star would be if it were seen from a standard distance.

Answer 1

absolute magnitude

Question 2

the brightness of a star seen from earth

Answer 2

apparent magnitude

Question 3

a large collection of stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity

Answer 3

galaxy

Question 4

Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, a graph that shows the relationship between a star’s surface temperature and absolute magnitude.

Answer 4

H-R Diagram

Question 5

The distance that light travels through space in about one year; about 9.46 trillion kilometers

Answer 5

Light-year

Question 6

The actual brightness of an object such as a star

Answer 6

luminosity

Question 7

The region on the H-R diagram where the star spend most of their lives; it has a diagonal pattern

Answer 7

main sequence

Question 8

A large cloud of dust and gas in interstellar space; a region in space where stars are born

Answer 8

Nebula

Question 9

the core of a supernova that has collapsed under the gravity to the point that the electrons and protons have smashed together to form neutrons

Answer 9

Neutron star

Question 10

a relatively large spherical body that orbits a star.

Answer 10

planet

Question 11

A highly magnetized, rotating neutron star that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation

Answer 11

Pulsar

Question 12

The motion of a body that travels around another body in space; one trip along an orbit

Answer 12

Revolution

Question 13

The spin of a body on its axis

Answer 13

Rotation

Question 14

The collection of large and small bodies that orbit our central star, the sun

Answer 14

Solar system

Question 15

a large celestial body that is composed of gas and that emits light; the sun is a typical star

Answer 15

star

Question 16

The distance between two adjacent troughs or crests of a wave

Answer 16

wavelength

Question 17

A gigantic explosion in which a massive star throws its outer layers into space, but its core remains

Answer 17

supernova

Question 18

space and all the matter and energy in it.

Answer 18

universe

Question 19

The hot, dense, dim core of matter that remains from the collapse of a low-mass star.

Answer 19

white dwarf

Question 20

A galaxy shaped like a pinwheel, with a bulge in the center and spiral arms extending outwards.

Answer 20

Spiral galaxy

Question 21

A sphere or elongated galaxy with a bright center and very little gas and dust

Answer 21

elliptical galaxy

Question 22

a galaxy with a weird shape that doesn’t fit into any other category.

Answer 22

irregular galaxy

Question 23

all the different wavelengths and frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, from radio waves to gamma rays.

Answer 23

electromagnetic spectrum

Question 24

The theory that the matter and energy of the universe was comprised into a small volume and then exploding and made the universe.

Answer 24

big bang theory

Question 25

CMB; the electromagnetic radiation left over from the formation of the universe.

Answer 25

cosmic microwave background

Question 26

a phenomenon which occurs when a star or galaxy is moving away from the earth.

Answer 26

red shift

Question 27

an observed change in frequency or wavelength when the source is moving with respect to the observer.

Answer 27

doppler effect

Question 28

a tool used to collect light from stars and separate the colors in the light.

Answer 28

spectroscope