Unity and diversity: Cells Flashcards
Nucleus
The nucleus has a double membrane with pores in it. It has chromosomes made up of DNA coiled around histome proteins. Uncoiled chromosomes are spread around the nucleus.
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
It consists of flattened membrane sacs (cisternae). Ribsomes are attached to the outside of the cisternae. It’s functions is for protein synthesis for secreation from the cell. The proteins are carried from the ribosomes to the cisternae and them is carried off my the vesticles to the Golgi
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
Made of a network of tubular membrane. It is used to synthesis lipids, phospholipids and steroids. Some store calcium ions in relaxed mucles
Golgi apperatus
Consists of cisternae, which are short, have no ribosomes, and many vesticles. It processes proteins from the rER
Lysomes
They are spherical and single membraned. They are formed from the golgi vesticles. they contain digestive enzymes which are used to break down organelles
Mitchondrion
It has a double membrane, the inner one is invagnated to form cisternae. the fluid inside is called matrix. they digest fat and produce atp
Free ribosomes
No membrane. They synthesis proteins and are constructed in the nucleus
Chloroplast
it has a double membrane and has stacks of thylakoids inside
produces glucose
Vacuoles and vesticles
Singe mebrane with fluid inside can contain half of a cells voulme and can digest food and expel water. Vesticles are small vacuoles and are used to transport materials
Mircrotubles and centrioles
in the cytoplasm, move chromosomes during cell divisons are also in cilia and flagella
Cytoskeleton
Made of protein fibre, tubulin and actin, can be easily bulit. It can help construct cell walls. It can help construct cell walls and help animale cells maintain their shape
Cilia and flagella
whip like structures projecting from the cell surface. They contain microtubles . Flagella are larger and is usually just one on a cell, Cillia are smaller and there are many. they are used to move
Plastids
double membraned, in plants, responsible for the manufacture and storing of food, there are amiloplasts and chloroplasts
Cell wall
in both fungi and plants, supports and protects the cell, made of chloroplasts
Metabolism
chemical reactions that take place in the cell
Response to stimuli
reacting to changes in the external enviroment
homeostasis
maintanence of constant internal conditions despite external change
Movement
having some control over postiton and place
Growth
cells can increase in dry mass over a period of time
reproduction
the production of offspring
DNA, Organelles, Reproduction
Differences between Prokaryotes and Eurkaryotes
Prokaryotes
DNA is naked and circular
Doesn’t have a nucleus
Doesn’t have a membrane
70S ribosomes
Binary fission
Haploid
Eurkaryotes
DNA is bound to proteins and is linear
has a nucleus and a mebrane
80S ribosomes
Mitosis and meiosis
Diploid
Excretion
the removal of metabolic waste products
Nutrition
the intake or production of nutrients
What is a hetrotroph?
organisms that obtain nutrients from the external enviroment
What is an autotroph?
an organism that is capable of producing nurients from inorganic material
