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ICFM CAT 1 > Units I-III > Flashcards

Units I-III Flashcards

1
Q

What initiated the Indian Freedom Movement?

A

The advent of Europeans in India and the dictation of the East India Company starting with the Regulating Act of 1773.

This marked the beginning of a struggle for independence in India.

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2
Q

What was the Revolt of 1857?

A

The Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the First War of Indian Independence, began on May 10, 1857, at Meerut.

It was the first major rebellion against the East India Company rule.

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3
Q

What were the causes of the Revolt of 1857?

A

Brewing discontent over Company rule, loss of sovereignty of princely states, Lord Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse, disruption of the feudal system, and concerns over westernization.

The introduction of a new Enfield rifle was the igniting factor.

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4
Q

What impact did the Revolt of 1857 have?

A

Although ultimately unsuccessful, it had a profound effect on the Indian people and changed the nature of British rule over the subcontinent.

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5
Q

Who were the main participants in the military during the Revolt of 1857?

A

The military was primarily composed of Indian soldiers, known as sepoys, and British officers.

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6
Q

What discrimination existed in the military during the Revolt of 1857?

A

There was significant discrimination between English and Indian soldiers regarding pay and promotions.

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7
Q

What is the primary objective of the course MC23111?

A

To inculcate the values enshrined in the Indian constitution

The course is designed to foster responsible citizenship and knowledge of constitutional bodies.

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8
Q

What significant event is referred to as the Revolt of 1857?

A

The first major rebellion against British rule in India

Also known as the First War of Indian Independence.

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9
Q

Who chaired the Drafting Committee for the Constitution of India?

A

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

The Drafting Committee was established on August 29, 1947.

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10
Q

How many articles did the original Constitution of India contain?

A

395 articles

The Constitution has since been amended and now contains 444 articles.

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11
Q

What are the four major parts of the Constitution of India?

A
  • The Preamble
  • Parts I to XXII having 444 Articles
  • Twelve Schedules
  • Appendix
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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The Constitution of India was adopted on _______.

A

November 26, 1949

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13
Q

What is one function of a constitution?

A

To provide basic rules for coordination among members of society

A constitution helps establish the framework for governance.

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14
Q

True or False: The Indian Constitution allows for dual citizenship.

A

False

India identifies only single citizenship.

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15
Q

List two features of the Indian Constitution.

A
  • World’s longest written constitution
  • Federal system with unitary features
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16
Q

What was the immediate cause of the Revolt of 1857?

A

The introduction of the new Enfield rifle with cartridges rumored to be smeared with animal fat

This rumor offended both Hindu and Muslim soldiers.

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17
Q

What was the consequence of the Revolt of 1857?

A

The end of East India Company rule and direct control by the British Crown

This change was formalized through the Government of India Act 1858.

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18
Q

What was the Swadeshi Movement?

A

A movement against the British partition of Bengal

It aimed to promote Indian goods and boycott British products.

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19
Q

What are Directive Principles of State Policy?

A

Guidelines for the State to achieve socio-economic justice

They are non-justiciable rights aimed at creating a welfare state.

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20
Q

What is a key feature of the Indian federal system?

A

Balance between the sovereignty of Parliament and judicial supremacy

This ensures that the judiciary can check legislative powers.

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21
Q

What is the significance of the Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution?

A

They guarantee individual rights and freedoms to citizens

Fundamental Rights are enforceable by the courts.

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: The Constitution of India came into force on _______.

A

January 26, 1950

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23
Q

Who were some key figures in the Revolt of 1857?

A
  • Rani of Jhansi
  • Tantya Tope
  • Nana Saheb
  • Kunwar Singh
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24
Q

What was one reason for the failure of the Revolt of 1857?

A

Lack of a single leader and coherent plan

The revolt lacked widespread support from all regions of India.

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25
Q

What does the term ‘living document’ refer to in the context of the Constitution?

A

Its ability to be amended and adapt over time

This ensures the Constitution remains relevant to changing circumstances.

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26
Q

What was the outcome of the suppression of the rebellion in India?

A

The end of East India Company rule and the transfer of control to the British Crown through the Government of India Act 1858.

27
Q

What rights did Queen Victoria proclaim for her Indian subjects?

A

Similar rights to those enjoyed by British subjects.

28
Q

What was the Swadeshi Movement?

A

A movement started against the British’s decision to partition Bengal in 1903.

29
Q

What two provinces were created from the partition of Bengal?

A
  • Bengal (Western Bengal, Bihar, Orissa) * Eastern Bengal and Assam.
30
Q

Who were the pioneers of the Home Rule League Movement?

A
  • Annie Besant * Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
31
Q

What was the aim of the Home Rule Movement?

A

To attain home rule or dominion status for India under the British Empire.

32
Q

What was a significant factor in the revival of the national movement in India?

A

The release of Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the arrival of Annie Besant.

33
Q

What did Annie Besant advocate regarding the Congress Party?

A

She recognized the need for Congress approval and the participation of extremists in the national struggle.

34
Q

What was the Champaran Satyagraha?

A

A peasants uprising led by Mahatma Gandhi against indigo cultivation imposed by the British.

35
Q

What prompted Gandhi to visit Champaran?

A

He was persuaded by Raj Kumar Shukla, an oppressed indigo cultivator.

36
Q

When did the Champaran Satyagraha begin?

A

10 April 1917.

37
Q

What was the reason for the Champaran Satyagraha?

A

Farmers were forced to cultivate indigo instead of food crops and received inadequate payment.

38
Q

What was the Non-Cooperation Movement?

A

A campaign initiated by the Khilafat Committee on August 31, 1920, to boycott British institutions.

39
Q

What event led to the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement?

A

The dissatisfaction with the Nehru Report and the demand for complete independence.

40
Q

What was the Quit India Movement?

A

A movement launched by Gandhi on August 8, 1942, calling for British withdrawal from India.

41
Q

What slogan was given by Gandhi during the Quit India Movement?

A

‘Do or die.’

42
Q

What was the response of the British government to the Quit India Movement?

A

They arrested all major Congress leaders the very next day.

43
Q

What was a significant consequence of the Quit India Movement?

A

The demand for complete independence was placed at the top of the freedom movement agenda.

44
Q

What was the role of the British East India Company before 1858?

A

It transformed from a commercial trading venture to a political entity ruling India.

45
Q

In what year did the British East India Company gain control of Bengal?

A

1757, after the Battle of Plassey.

46
Q

What did the Government of India Act 1858 accomplish?

A

It dissolved the British East India Company and transferred direct administration of India to the British government.

47
Q

What was the primary focus of trade between India and Europe during the sixteenth-seventeenth centuries?

A

Indian goods were in greater demand in Europe than European goods in India.

48
Q

What was the primary function of the British East India Company before 1858?

A

The British East India Company primarily engaged in trade.

49
Q

What significant change occurred in India in 1858?

A

The British government assumed direct administration of India.

50
Q

What was the impact of Indian goods on European markets during the sixteenth-seventeenth centuries?

A

Indian goods were in far greater demand in Europe than European goods in India.

51
Q

What were the three methods used by the British to expand their empire in India?

A
  • Wars and conquests
  • Subsidiary Alliance System
  • Annexation through the doctrine of lapse
52
Q

What was the Regulating Act of 1773?

A

It curbed the East India Company’s commercial activities and established British government oversight.

53
Q

Who was the first governor-general of India?

A

Warren Hastings (1773–1785).

54
Q

What was the permanent settlement in Bengal?

A

An arrangement granting legal ownership of land to zamindars in return for fixed revenue payments.

55
Q

What did the Charter Act of 1813 achieve?

A

It ended the Company’s monopoly over trade with India.

56
Q

What was the primary administrative change implemented by Lord Cornwallis?

A

He created a professional cadre of Company servants with no private trading interests.

57
Q

What is nationalism?

A

An idea that nurtures the needs of a nation to attain and sustain sovereignty.

58
Q

List the main reasons for the emergence of nationalism in India.

A
  • Political, Economic and Administrative Unification
  • Impact of Western Education
  • Development of Means of Transport
  • Socio-religious Reform Movements
  • Development of Media, Newspapers and Magazines
  • Britishers’ Exploited Policies
  • National Movements outside India
59
Q

How did Western education impact Indian nationalism?

A

It provided a modern, secular, democratic perspective and aided communication among freedom fighters.

60
Q

What role did the development of transport play in Indian nationalism?

A

It facilitated the movement of people and information, aiding the national movement.

61
Q

What was the role of the media in fostering nationalism in India?

A

The modern press rallied public opinion and organized political movements.

62
Q

True or False: The British government’s policies in India were perceived as fair and equitable.

A

False

63
Q

Fill in the blank: Nationalism in India is an example of _______.

A

[territorial nationalism]

64
Q

What was the significance of the Indian Press in the late 19th century?

A

It played a memorable role in rallying public opinion and fostering nationalism.

ICFM CAT 1 (2 decks)

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