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Religious Studies B: Catholic Christianity with Islam > Units 7 & 8: Islamic beliefs, teachings and practices (Paper 2 Section A) > Flashcards

Units 7 & 8: Islamic beliefs, teachings and practices (Paper 2 Section A) Flashcards

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1
Q

Tawhid:

A

The belief in the oneness of God

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2
Q

Islam is a …………… religion

A

monotheistic

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3
Q

Surah 112; the oneness of God(4):

A
  • “He is god the one”
  • “God the eternal”
  • “He begot no one nor was he begotten”
  • “No one is comparable to him”
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4
Q

Belief in the Tawhid means that Muslims should…(3):

A
  • Worship only one God
  • Never make anything in their lives more important than God because God has no equal
  • Not use images or pictures of God as it is impossible to portray him accurately
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5
Q

The supremacy of God’s will(3):

A
  • God can make anything that he wants happen
  • Nothing happens unless God allows
  • Muslims try to live according to God’s will accepting that God knows best
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6
Q

Sunni Muslims(4):

A
  • The Sunni leader (caliph) must be elected
  • Only the Qur’an and the Sunnah have the authority to provide religious guidance
  • Abu Bakr(Mohammed’s adviser) is the rightful leader
  • The six articles of faith give the main beliefs for Sunni muslims
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7
Q

The Sunnah

A

Mohammed’s teachings

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8
Q

The Shi’a(4):

A
  • The Shi’a leader (Imam) should be descendant of Mohammed chosen by God
  • The Qur’an, the Sunnah and the Imam have the authority to provide religious guidance
  • Ali (Mohammed’s cousin and son-in-law) is the rightful leader
  • The five roots of Usul ad-Din give the main beliefs for a Shi’a Muslim
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9
Q

Shared beliefs in Sunni and Shi’a Islam(4):

A
  • the belief in the same God
  • following the teachings of the Qur’an
  • following the teachings i the Sunnah
  • acknowledging the importance of the prophets
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10
Q

The articles of Faith in Sunni Islam(6):

A
  • Tawhid
  • Belief in angels that passed on God’s message to the prophets
  • Respect for the holy books, especially the Qur’an which is the highest authority in Islam
  • Respect for the prophets, particularly Mohammed who recieved the final revelation of Islam from God
  • The day of judgement
  • The supremacy of God’s will
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11
Q

The five roots of Usul ad-Din in Shi’a Islam(5):

A
  • Tawhid
  • Respect for Prophets
  • Adalat
  • The Imamate
  • that muslims will be resurrected after death and will be judged by God
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12
Q

Adalat (definition):

A

The justice of God, a belief that God will judge everyone on judgment day in a fair and just way

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13
Q

The Imamate (definition):

A

Respect for the twelve Imams, who were chosen by God after Mohammed died

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14
Q

There are …. different names for God in the Qur’an and the Hadith…

A
  • 99

- these names describe God’s characteristics and it helps Muslims have some idea about what God is like

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15
Q

Some of God’s most important qualities are that he is… (6):

A
  • Immanent
  • Transcendent
  • Beneficent
  • Omnipotent
  • Fair and Just
  • Merciful
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16
Q

Immanent(definition):

A

God is present everywhere in the world and in the universe

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17
Q

Transcendent(definition):

A

God created the universe and s is beyond and outside it. He is not limited by the physical world

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18
Q

Beneficent(definition):

A

God is benevolent, all loving, and all good

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19
Q

Omnipotent(definition):

A

God is all-powerful

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20
Q

Fair and just(definition):

A

God treats everyone fairly and justly

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21
Q

Merciful(definition):

A

God shows compassion and mercy

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22
Q

Angels(definition):

A

spiritual beings who serve God and pass on his message through prophets

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23
Q

Jibril(Gabriel):

A

The angel of revelation who revealed the Qur’an to Mohammed

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24
Q

Mika’il

A

The angel of mercy, who rewards god deeds and provides nourishment for the earth and human life

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25
Q

Angels are…(5):

A
  • Pure and sinless
  • Have no free will so can only do what God tells them to do
  • Constantly serve and praise God
  • Are able to take on a human form to give messages from God
  • created by light
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26
Q

Roles of angels(4):

A
  • Messengers from God
  • Take care of people
  • Record everything a person does
  • Take peoples’ souls to God
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27
Q

Predestination(definition):

A

The idea that God knows or determines everything that will happen in the universe

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28
Q

Most Muslims believe that…(free):

A

God knows everything that will happen but people still have free will and can make their own choices. Most Muslims believe that they are responsible for their actions

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29
Q

Qur’an 9:51

A

“Only what Gd has decreed will happen to us”

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30
Q

Qur’an 13:11

A

God does not change the condition of a people unless they change for the worse

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31
Q

Barzakh(definition):

A

The state, after death, of waiting until the day of judgement

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32
Q

Akhirah(definition):

A

Everlasting life after death

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33
Q

The belief in Akhirah encorages Muslims to…(3):

A
  • Take responsibility for their actions
  • Give hope to Muslims who suffer
  • Accept unjust situations
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34
Q

Risalah(definition):

A

The belief in prophets and their importance as messengers of God

35
Q

Adam:

A

He is considered to be the father of the human race and the first prophet

36
Q

Qur’an(Adam):

A

God forgave Adam after he kicked him an Hawwa out of the garden of bliss and Adam became the first prophet

37
Q

Ibrahim is important because….(5):

A
  • He fulfilled all the tests and commands given to him by God
  • He showed great faith in God
  • He is a good role model for Muslims
  • Mohammed was one of his descendants through his son Ishmael
  • He proclaimed a belief in one God at a time where worshiping multiple was normal
38
Q

The five pillars:

A
  • Shahadah
  • Salah
  • Zakah
  • Sawm
  • Hajj
39
Q

Shahadah(definition):

A

The declaration of faith

40
Q

Salah(definition):

A

Prayer

41
Q

Zakah(definition):

A

Charitable giving; Requires Muslims to give 2.5% of their savings to charity every year

42
Q

Sawm(definition):

A

Fasting

43
Q

Hajj(definition):

A

Pilgrimage

44
Q

The ten obligatory acts:

A
  • The five pillars
  • Jihad
  • Amr-bril-Maruf
  • Nahi Anil Munkar
  • Tawallah
  • Tabarra
  • Kuhms
45
Q

Jihad(definition):

A

The struggle to maintain the faith and defend Islam

46
Q

Amr-brilmaruf(definition):

A

Encouraging people to do what is good

47
Q

Nahi Anil Munkar(definition):

A

Discouraging people from doing what is wrong

48
Q

Tawallah(definition):

A

Showing love for God and people who follow him

49
Q

Tabarra(definition):

A

Not associating with enemies of God

50
Q

Khums(definition):

A

20% tax(half to charity, half to religious leaders)

51
Q

Salah duty:

A
  • Sunni Muslims pray 5 times a day

- Shi’a Muslims pray 3 times a day

52
Q

Wudu(definition):

A

Ritual washing performed before prayer

53
Q

Times of prayer(5):

A
  • Fajr( just before sunrise)
  • Zuhr(just after midday)
  • Asr(afternoon)
  • Maghrib(just after sunset)
  • Isha(night)
54
Q

Mihrab(definition):

A

indicates the direction of Mekkah. It is a small niche in the Quibblah wall facing Mekkah

55
Q

Prayer are made up of a number of rak’ah.

What is a rak’ah?

A

Set sequences of actions and recitations

56
Q

Usually rak’ah includes the following basic actions(5):

A
  • stand and recite the first chapter of the Qur’an
  • Bow and recite in Arabic “glory be to my lord who is the very greatest” x3
  • stand and make a recitation praising God
  • Kneel with whole face touching the floor
  • recite “God is the greatest” while sitting then prostrating
57
Q

Jummah prayer(definition):

A

A special communal prayer held at Friday at midday

58
Q

Ramadan(definition):

A

The most important month in the Islamic calendar, as it is when the angel Jibril started t reveal the Qur’an to Mohammed

59
Q

Muslims focus on their faith during this month by …(4):

A
  • fasting
  • studying the Qur’an
  • giving to charity
  • trying to please God
60
Q

The night of power(definition):

A

The night when Jibril first started to recite the Qur’an to Mohammed

61
Q

Fasting in the Qur’an(2):

A

The command to fast was revealed to Mohammed and can be found in the Qur’an:” so any one of you who sees in that month should fast” Qur’an 2:185

62
Q

Qur’an 97:2-3;

A

“The night of glory is better than a thousand months”

63
Q

In addition to Zakah, Shi’a Muslims also give…

A

Khums

64
Q

Qur’an 2:215

A

“God is well aware of whatever good you do”

65
Q

Significance of Hajj(6):

A
  • Produces inner peace
  • Brings a person closer to God
  • Shows self-discipline to God
  • Emphasizes equality and unity
  • Leads to a persons sins being forgiven
  • Reminds Muslims of the good examples set by prophets
66
Q

Qur’an 3:97

A

“Pilgrimage is a duty owed to God by people who are able to undertake it”

67
Q

Hajj remembers…

A

the actions of Ibrahim and his family who built the ka’aba

68
Q

The ka’aba(definition):

A

Cube shaped building in the center of the grand mosque and the holiest place in Islam

69
Q

Hajj processes(5):

A
  • Entering a state of Ihram
  • Circling the Ka’aba
  • Walking between the 2 hills
  • Standing at arafat
  • Throwing pebbles at Mina
  • Sacrificing an animal
70
Q

Entering a state of Ihram(2):

A

Entering a state of purity; this includes ritual washing ,praying and wearing Ihram clothes. It shows everyone is equal before God

71
Q

Circling the Ka’aba:

A

The stone is an ancient Islamic relic

72
Q

Walking between the 2 hills:

A

This remembers Hajira’s search for water and the miraculous appearance of the well of Zamam

73
Q

Standing at Arafat:

A

God is believed to forgive the sins of everyone at Arafat

74
Q

Throwing pebbles at Mina:

A

Pilgrims throw pebbles at the walls to show they reject the devil and the temptation to sin

75
Q

Sacrificing an animal:

A

This sacrifice remembers Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his own son out of obedience to God

76
Q

Greater Jihad(definition):

A

The inward personal struggle to live according to the teachings of Islam

77
Q

Lesser Jihad(definition):

A

The outward collective struggle to defend Islam from threat

78
Q

Id-ul-Fitr activities(6):

A
  • Muslims gather together in Mosques or large outdoor areas to say special prayers
  • They decorate their homes, eat special food, give cards, and exchange presents
79
Q

Id-ul-Fitr significance:

A

To celebrate the end of a month of fasting (ramadan). Its a way for Muslims to give thanks to God

80
Q

Id-ul-Adha activivties(4):

A
  • Special prayers are held in the Mosque usually themed around sacrifice
  • Muslims visit family and friends and enjoy meals together
  • Muslims will slaughter an animal
81
Q

Id-ul-Adha significance(2):

A

Celebrates Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his son for God. Also celebrates the completion of Hajj

82
Q

The day of Ashura(definition):

A

It is an important Shi’a festival that remembers the death of Husayn battle of Karbala

83
Q

The day of Ashura activities(3):

A
  • Perform plays and reenactments of Husayn’s death
  • public expressions of grief and mourning
  • many visit Husayn’s tomb

Religious Studies B: Catholic Christianity with Islam (8 decks)

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