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CRJU > Units 4-5 Socialization and Criminology > Flashcards

Units 4-5 Socialization and Criminology Flashcards

1
Q

Deviance

A

behavior straying from social norms
(Examples: Consenting to Harm, Monks)

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2
Q

3 Types of Deviance

A

1) Sin
2) Crime
3) Poor Taste

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3
Q

Social Norms

A

Societies regular/expected behavior
(Vary by place, relationship, age, culture)

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4
Q

Socialization

A

learning to conform to social norms
(2 types: internal & external)

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5
Q

Internal Socialization

A

believing social norms as right/wrong

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6
Q

External Socialization

A

following social norms to appease others

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7
Q

Social Control

A

how society controls behavior
(2 types: informal & formal)

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8
Q

Informal Social Control

A

taught things that stick w/ us (taught morals)
(imposed by teachers, parents, friends, etc)

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9
Q

Formal Social Control

A

regulating society through government
(ex. punishments, tax breaks, rewards)

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10
Q

Types of Social Control (4)

A

1) Penal (punish deviant)
2) Compensatory (compensate victim)
3) Therapeutic (heal deviant)
4) Conciliatory (resolve dispute)

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11
Q

Medical Model of Deviance

A

theory that deviant behavior is a disease

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12
Q

Social Disorganization Theory (Chicago Model)

A

Community factors contribute to crime rates (poverty, breakdown of social institutions, high resident turnover)

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13
Q

Social Band Theory

A

crime occurs when societal bonds are broken (fam, friends, community)

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14
Q

Concentric Zone Model (5)

A

1) Central business district
2) Transitional zone
3) Working class zone
4) Residential zone
5) Commuter Zone

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15
Q

Characteristics of Transitional Zone

A

-zone 2
-immigrant groups
-deteriorating housing
-factories
-abandoned housing

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16
Q

Characteristics of Working Class Zone

A

-zone 3
-single family tenements

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17
Q

Characteristics of Residential Zone

A

-zone 4
-single family homes
-yards/garages

18
Q

Characteristics of Commuter Zone

A

-zone 5
-suburbs
-rich ppl who commute

19
Q

Gentrification (def)

A

wealthy people changing poor urban areas (through housing, jobs, etc)

20
Q

Anomie

A

society lacks social norms
(Strain Theory & Delinquent Theory)

21
Q

Strain Theory

A

norms lack because societies goals cannot be acheived

22
Q

Delinquent Theory

A

deviant norms form

23
Q

Labeling Theory

A

self identifying by label given by society (self-fulfilling prophecy)

24
Q

Criminology

A

scientific study of why people commit crimes

25
Q

Positivist Criminology

A

outside forces influence crime
(ex. biological, psychological, sociological)

26
Q

Demonology

A

blames crime on demonic possession
(used when church and state were intertwined)

27
Q

Atavism

A

blames crime on genetics (crime driving gene)
(phrenology and somatotypes)

28
Q

Phrenology

A

determine criminals by head shape

29
Q

Somatotypes

A

determine criminals by body type

30
Q

Classical Criminology

A

people choose to commit crimes (free will)

31
Q

Rational Choice Theory

A

deviance based on free will
(uses strategic thinking & risk vs reward)

32
Q

Routine Activities Theory

A

3 circumstances must coincide for deviance to occur
1) motivated offender
2) suitable target
3) lack of capable guardians

33
Q

Psychodynamic Theory

A

(Freud) psychological drives explain human behavior
(conscious, preconscious, unconscious)
(Id, Superego, Ego)

34
Q

Differential Association

A

criminal behavior is learned (through observation, punishment/reward)

35
Q

Neutralization Theory (6)

A

criminals justifying crimes
1) justify w/ excuses
2) denial of responsibility
3) denial of injury
4) denial of victim
5) condemnation of condemners
6) appeal to higher loyalties

36
Q

Critical Criminology

A

(Conflict Crim) focuses on oppression of the lower class by elites

37
Q

Marxist Criminology

A

more crime/enforcement and higher sentences for lower class

38
Q

Feminist Criminology

A

crime/law is slanted against women

39
Q

Peace Making Criminology

A

traditional punishments make crime worse (we should focus on communication, forgiveness, & rehab)

40
Q

Definitions of Justice (4)

A

1) Vigilantism
2) Individual Justice
3) Procedural Justice: laws fairly enforced
4) Social Justice: certain groups are under represented

CRJU (4 decks)

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