Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PNPS > Units 1-4 > Flashcards

Units 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is sustainable agriculture? Why is it important?

A

Agriculture that can be practiced in the way very and some place in the future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much land is used for food production?

A

38%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is demand for land to produce food increasing?

A

It increases as human population increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How has agriculture changed over time? Why? What problems has this caused?

A

Changes to industrialized agriculture led to large population growth. Increased erosion, pollution, and groundwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Was it the Green Revolution?

A

Third wave of new tech and farming practices were introduced to developing countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is soil degradation and why is it happening?

A

From deforestation land became galvanized to do over irrigation/fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the result of soil degradation?

A

Reduced potential food crop production by 13%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe a time in history when this became a major problem

A

A long time ago when humans slated being more active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name and describe some sustainable farming practices.

A

Crop rotation- growing different crops year after another
Wind breaks - rows of trees planted along the edges of fields to slow the wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe how a more plant based diet is more sustainable?

A

Eating lower on the food chain feeds more people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe genetic engineering in crops and include pros and cons of them as a whole? Give examples.

A

Mixes of genes of different species pro decreased irrigation can contaminate organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is overfishing causing problems?

A

Leaving people hungry, fish aren’t able to reproduce making their population small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How much of our world’s fisheries are overexploited?

A

74%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference between renewable and renewable resources? Which energy sources fall into each category?

A

renewable -source that can be replenished nonrenewable does not replenish fossil fuels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How much do we currently rely on fossil fuels and why is this a problem?

A

86% of all energy sources used by humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fossil fuels

A

Pros- clean energy, small land, footplant
Cons- Water intensive, non-renewable, radio active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

nuclear power

A

Pros- renewable, green until end of life
Cons- Doesn’t work for every foot top expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Wind energy

A

Pros- Renewable, good paying jobs, low cost
Cons- Fires leakes, remote locations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hydroelectric energy

A

Pros- Start quickly, uses water, renewable, clean
Cons- Expensive displaces people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

geothermal

A

Pros- Reliable small and footprint
Cons- Expensive, earthquakes, location restricted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

biomass

A

Pros- Less waste, clean energy
Cons- Deforestation, expensive, not clean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the ecological footprint of humans?

A

17% of the population on consumes 90% of resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What factors affect the ecological footprint? Give an example.

A

Country of residence, quality of goods, consumed resources used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When is a country considered an ecological debtor vs creditor? Give examples of countries in each category. What are the reasons this happens?

A

Debtor- When ecological footprint exceeds biocapacity
Creditor- Biocapacity exceeds footprint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is biocapacity?

A

Biologically productive area available to provide resources we use and absorb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is global overshoot?

A

Point where human consumption and waste production exceeds natures capacity to create more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is sustainability and what should we consider when discussing sustainability of human behavior?

A

The date each year we run out of resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is an atom

A

Smallest component of matter that keeps the properties of particular elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is at the center of an atom?

A

Nucleaus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the 3 subatomic particles in an atom Number of protons

A

Where are they located in the atom and what is their charge? Protons (Positive +), Neutrons( Neutral 0), and Electrons (-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The atomic number is the total number of which particle in the nucleus

A

Number of protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Explain anion and cation. Ions that are charged due to the loss or gain of electrons

A

Anion- negative (-)
Cation- positive (+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does the number 84 in Krypton-84 represent

A

84 nucleons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons are called

A

Isotopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Why are the atomic masses on the periodic table not whole numbers

A

It’s the average of the various isotopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the nucleus of an atom composed of

A

Protons and neutrons

32
Q

What is the charge of the nucleus of an atom

A

Positive

33
Q

What is the overall charge of an atom with 5 protons and 6 electrons

A

-1

34
Q

Chlorine has two naturally occurring isotopes, Cl-35 and Cl-37. The atomic mass of chlorine is 35.45. Which of these two isotopes of chlorine is more abundant in nature

A

Cl-35 because the mass averages just 0.2 above 35

35
Q

What is the difference between mass number and atomic mass? Why are they different?

A

Mass number is the number of protons and neutrons and the atomic the mass of an element from their natural abundance from their isotope

36
Q

How is the modern periodic table organized

A

Rows-Periods Numbers 1-7 (across), Columns-Groups 1-18 (up and down)

37
Q

How did Dmitri Mendeleev originally organized the periodic table

A

Also rows and columns

37
Q

What subatomic particle has such a small mass that scientists ignore its mass when calculating the mass number of an atom

A

Electrons

38
Q

Do Groups go across or up & down the periodic table

A

Up and down

39
Q

What are the different properties of metals, metalloids, and nonmetals

A

Metals- Group 1 lustrous and shiny, Ductile and malleable, good conductors
Metalloids- The stairstep line both characteristics of metals and nonmetals
Non-Metals- Top of the stairstep line , dull and brittle, poor conductors

40
Q

How many valence electrons does Chlorine have? Which group do they want to “hang out with?

A

7 valence electrons

40
Q

What is a niche?

A

A species or organisms role in the environment

41
Q

What is competition? Who does this occur between? Give an example.

A

When different populations or animals are fighting for the same resource

42
Q

What is indirect competition? Give an example.

A

When species compete with one another even if they never come in contact with each other

43
Q

What is a symbiotic relationship?

A

Interaction between two or more species that live together on direct contract

44
Q

Define the four symbiotic relationships and give an example of each.

A

Parasitism- on organism benefits while living of another- tapeworm
Commensalism- one organism benefits and the other is unharmed- barnacles/whale
Mutualism- both organisms benefit and help each other- flowering plants
Predation- one animal preying on another organism

44
Q

What is Ecology?

A

The interaction among organisms with each other and environment

45
Q

What is the relationship between kelp, sea otters and sea urchins?

A

Sea otters keep the urchin population so low that kelp can grow healthy

46
Q

Name and define the levels of organization on Earth and number in order largest to smallest

A

Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere

46
Q

What is an autotroph? Heterotroph?

A

Autotrophs- produces food on its own
Heterotrophs- does not produce food on its own lives off other organisms

47
Q

Name and define the 4 different types of heterotrophs. What do they eat?

A

Herbivores- Plants
Carnivores- meat
Omnivores- both
Detritivores- dead organic material

48
Q

Draw an example of a food chain and use arrows to show the direction of the energy flow.

A

A species where other species depend on it

49
Q

What is a keystone species?

A

Species where other species depend on it

50
Q

What are trophic levels? Provide an example below.

A

Producers- plants
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Tertiary consumers

50
Q

What are keystone species responsible for doing within the ecosystem?

A

Regulates population, enhances habitat, recycles nutrients and waste

51
Q

What is an energy pyramid?

A

Shows how much energy is produced at each level

52
Q

Demography

A

Study of human populations

53
Q

Limiting Factors

A

Anything that constrains a population’s size and slows or stops it from growing

53
Q

Carrying capacity

A

Maximum number of individuals of an ecosystem that can support

54
Q

Cultural carrying capacity

A

The maximum number of people who could live in reasonable freedom and comfort indefinitely without decreasing the ability of the Earth to sustain future generations

55
Q

Immigration

A

The action of coming to live permanently in a foreign area

56
Q

Emigration

A

The action of leaving one’s area to settle permanently

57
Q

Death rate

A

The ratio of deaths to a population of a particular area

58
Q

Birth rate

A

The number of live births per thousand of population per year

59
Q

Fertility rate

A

Total births per woman

60
Q

Demographic transition model

A

Explains why countries go through a period of rapid population growth

60
Q

Eutrophication

A

Process where algae grows in excessive amounts due to an abundant amount of nutrients

60
Q

Greenhouse Effect

A

The way in which heat is trapped close to Earth’s surface by “greenhouse gasses”

61
Q

What type of growth is taking place in regards to global human populations?

A

Exponential growth

61
Q

What is the world’s current population estimate?

A

8.1 Billion

62
Q

What is the difference between r and k strategist organisms? Which group are humans?

A

The R straight live in unstable and unpredictable environments while k stategiest live in more stable conditions Humans are K straight.

63
Q

What type of growth is an S shaped curve graph? Why does this occur over the J shaped curve?

A

Logistic growth, Population increases then reaches its carrying capacity

64
Q

When did the human growth rate peak? What has it done since its peak?

A

1960s peak annual rates in excess of a percent

65
Q

What event in the mid 1700s significantly changed human population growth?

A

Industrial Revolution

66
Q

Where is population growth greater? Developing nations or developed nations? Why?

A

Developing nations, they don’t have the right education

67
Q

What are some contributing factors for the exponential increase in human population during the last century?

A

Birth rates going up

68
Q

What is the current world population growth rate?

A

0.88% increase

69
Q

What are factors that contribute to lowering fertility rates?

A

More jobs for women and more education

70
Q

What factors affect birth and death rates?

A

Female employment, marriage age

71
Q

What are some of the methods/inventions that have allowed humans to increase their carrying capacity?

A

Carb picker, crop rotation

72
Q

A population of 1000 alligators has a birthrate of 400 per year. Each year, 150 alligators die, and 150 leave the population to look for new territory, but 30 alligators arrive from other territories to join the population. Calculate the population change

A

1000/130 = 7.69

73
Q

Where will most of the population growth in the world over the next century occur?

A

Africa

74
Q

Describe what is occurring with the population during each of the stages of the demographic transition model?

A

Stage 1—High birth and death rates lead to slow population growth. Stage 2—The death rate falls but the birth rate remains high, leading to faster population growth. Stage 3—The birth rate starts to fall, so population growth starts to slow

PNPS (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions