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Botany > Units 1-4 > Flashcards

Units 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vascular plant.

A

It has conducting tissues for transport of food and water (xylem- water and phloem-food, sugars)

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2
Q

What is a non-vascular plant

A

It is lacking vascular tissue has no veins. Organisms are small as they are limited in size due to lack of vascular tissue. Specialized cells must absorb their water. These are not woody plants.

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3
Q

What is a woody plant

A

It has bark growth, rings and buds. Observable growth rings, and buds (organs containing immature leaves, flowers, ect.) perennial lifespan (living more than three years)

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4
Q

What is a herbaceous plant?

A

Nonwoody none of the above visible present above ground stem does not thicken each year, but dies back of variety of my life spans. 

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5
Q

What is a tree?

A

Matures over 5 m. Height fits, but it has several stems. Leaves: broad leaves or needle leaves. Plants deciduous or evergreen.

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6
Q

What is a tall shrub? 

A

Amateurs to 1.3- 5 m. Leaves are most typically broadleaved a few needleleaf mostly deciduous.

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7
Q

What is a medium shrub? 

A

They matured to 0.5 to 1.3 m leafs: broad leaves a few needle leaves, mostly deciduous.

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8
Q

What is a dwarf shrub? 

A

They mature up to 15 cm. They are broadleaved a few needle-leafs are deciduous or evergreen.

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9
Q

What is a forb?

A

Showy flowers that are broadleaved, solid, or spongy pith, mostly net veined, a few are parallel or palmate veined

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10
Q

What is a grass? 

A

Non-showy flowers, parallel vein leaves, round hollow stems, nodes present, where the stem is swollen

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11
Q

What is a grasslike? 

A

Looks like a grass with non-showy flowered, parallel veins, narrow leafs. The stem is solid, and nodes are absent. 

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12
Q

What is a sedge grass like?

A

Solid stems with an edge

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13
Q

What is a rush grass like

A

Solid stems and round 

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14
Q

What is pteridophyte

A

Vascular only reproduces by spores (ferns, horsetails, club-mosses)

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15
Q

What is bryophyte

A

Non-vascular, spore, producing plants, (mosses, and liverworts)

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16
Q

What is morphology?

A

The study of visible plant organs, which include flower, stem leaf bud and root 

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17
Q

Define root

A

Attached to group or a support, conducts water and nutrients

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18
Q

Define stem

A

Supporting structure for leafs contains vascular system, -xylem and phloem

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19
Q

Define shoot

A

Aerial portion of axis consist of beliefs and stem 

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20
Q

Define leaf

A

Composed of petiole and blade

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21
Q

Define bud

A

Immature plant tissue used for identification of woody plant samples. Herbaceous plants have buds that exist as growing points, and are not clearly visible. 

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22
Q

Define petiole

A

Secondary stem that attaches blade to stem

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23
Q

Define blade

A

The photosynthesizing components

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24
Q

Define axil

A

Upper angle between petiole and stem

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25
Define node
Point of leaf attachment, interval of stem between node in the internode
26
Define mid vein
A vein in the centre of the blade actually the xylem and phloem 
27
Define apex
Tip of the blade
28
Define base
The bottom of the blade
29
Define margin
The edge of the blade
30
What is leaf arrangement
The pattern of how the leaf is arranged on the stem the three possibilities are alternate opposite in whorled
31
What is leaf attachment?
Refers to how the blade is attached to the sternum. With a petiole is called petiole and without a petiole is sessile.
32
What is net veined (pinnate)
With smaller veins, extending towards the leafs margin, this is the most common
33
What is palmate?
Lee Faines, radiant from one point award towards leaf margins and tips (maple leaves) 
34
What is parallel veined
When veins start at the base of the blade and extend towards the Apex or Tip of the blade. Like a lily. 
35
What is a compound leaf?
It has a petiole, rachis and leaflets
36
What is a rachis
The central axis in which the leaflets are attached
37
What is a lichen
Not a plant
38
What is a gymnosperm
It is vascular, flowering seed, bearing over exposed, important carbon storing plants
39
What is an angiosperm
It is vascular, flowering seed, bearing seed protected in an ovary
40
Define botany
The science of the study of plants and plant biology
41
Define multicellular
Comprised of more than one cell that interacts to carry out life processes 
42
Define embryo
A young stage developed from a fertilized egg within a mothers
43
Define chlorophyll
Pigment in chloroplast 
44
Define cellulose
A complex carbohydrate of glucose units
45
Define photosynthesis
Turning sun energy into useable energy 
46
What are the characteristics that define a plant are these characteristics absolute? 
Viennation arrangement, attachment, and complexity 
47
Define autotrophic
Needs only carbon dioxide or carbonate as a source of carbon and a simple inorganic nitrogen compound of metabolic synthesis 
48
Define growth forms and what are they
Growth forms are easily observable, superficial characteristics that help place plants into a structural category without knowing the plant species this description by growth forms helps in grouping inventory and mapping of vegetation. The growth forms are trees, shrubs, forbs , and grasses. 
49
List of vascular, growth forms
Flowers, leaves, buds, stem and roots
50
What group of plant is vascular seed producing with seeds enclosed
Gymnosperm
51
What plant group has seeds not exposed?
Angiosperm
52
What group of plants is non-vascular and spore producing
Bryophyte
53
What plant group is vascular and spore producing
Pteridophyte
54
Name oldest to youngest of the four main groups in kingdom Plantae
Bryophyte, pteridophyte, gymnosperm and angiosperm 
55
Define binomial nomenclature
Two terms are used to denote a species of living organisms. The first one indicates the genus and the second is this specific epithet
56
Define herbarium
Collection of bc plants. Largest bryophyte collection in Canada
57
What’s is a simple leave
Composed of blade and petiole
58
Define veins
Carries water
59
Define leaflet
A leaflet is part of a compound leave. Though it resembles an entire leaf. A leaflet is not born on a main plant, stem or branch as a leaf is. 
60
What factors may cause morphology to very within the same species
Stage of growth, environment and natural variation
61
What are the four aquatic growth forms?
Floating attached, floating un attached submerged an emergent 
62
Evergreen vs deciduous
Deciduous leaves are present for only the growing season spring and summer. Evergreen leaves persist for more than one season typically many of years of leaves are seen. 
63
What are the four artificial plants?
Parasitic, carnivorous, weed and crop
64
Define monocot
All monocots are parallel veins, sessile, forbs, grasses, and grass likes
65
Define dicots
Netveins or palmate veins, palmate veins, petiolate usually or sessile, and includes broadleaf trees and shrubs
66
Define emergent
Root and lower plant parts submerged only 
67
Define submersed
All plant parts underwater, except flower
68
Floating attached
Leafs float on the surface route anchored in soil
69
Floating unattached
Leaves float on surface roots hang under surface 
70
What are six or lichen growth forms 
Crust, scale, leaf club, shrub and hair 
71
What creates bark?
Cork cambium 
72
What are the general botany specializations?
Morphology, taxonomy, ecology, and geology anatomy, physiology, ethnobotany, genetics, paleobotany, molecular biology, etc.
73
What are the applied botany fields? 
Agronomy, forestry, restoration, monitoring, habitat, management, resource management, wetland, restoration ecosystem management plant breeding, reclamation, pest management, and conservation 
74
What is general botany? (Morphology)
Study of visible plant structures, and plant cycles 
75
What is the oldest branch of botany?
Taxonomy
76
Define abiotic
In organic non-living compounds, including radiation climate, atmosphere, soil, geography, fire
77
Define biotic
Living components
78
What is the function of a plant (producer/consumer and autotroph or heterotroph)
Producer an autotroph
79
What is the function of a herbivore (producer/consumer and autotroph or heterotroph)
Primary consumer and heterotroph
80
What is the function of a carnivore (producer/consumer and autotroph or heterotroph)
Secondary consumer and heterotroph
81
What is the function of a decomposer (producer/consumer and autotroph or heterotroph)
Three levels, consumer, and heterotroph
82
What are the four levels of ecological organization?
Population, community, ecosystem, and geography
83
How do plants play a role in maintaining earths climate and atmospheric balance
Plants maintain a delicate chemical balance between earth and the atmosphere by producing oxygen, consuming carbon dioxide, and by releasing water vapour by transpiration 
84
What to abiotic factors affect, vegetation communities, the most
Temperature and precipitation 
85
Ecological servicing
Energy flow cycling, nutrient, and carbon and primary productivity
86
Ecological regulation
Soil, stable, ability and formation, carbon, sequestration, water, quality, and quantity and climate modification and control climate change: natural the solutions
87
What is a meristem
A region of plant tissue found chiefly at the growing type of roots and shoots in the cambium consisting of actively dividing cells forming new tissue 
88
How do you woody plans protect themselves from insects?
The phenolic compound is an insect repellent 
89
What is the primary grow in trees?
The length.
90
What is the secondary growth
Increase in width and girth
91
What is the inner bark?
The phloem
92
What are growth rings in the tree called
Xylem
93
What is the difference between hardwood and sapwood?
Hartwood is dead and sapwood is living both are the xylem
94
What is Spring growth trees?
Light coloured fast growing large sells Water filled
95
What is summer growth trees?
Dark rings, slow growth cells and less water

Botany (3 decks)

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