Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A & P I > Units 1- 4 > Flashcards

Units 1- 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

The science of structures (ex: heart, lungs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Physiology

A

The science of body functions (what it does)/(ex: heart rate, blood transfer, breathing rate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining a stable internal environment (ex: body temp, blood sugar levels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stimulus

A

Change in a variable (regulated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Receptor

A

MONITOR a controlled condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Control Center

A

Determines the next action (brain, spinal cord)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Effector

A

Receives signals/directions and produces a change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the order of the cycle for Homeostasis

A

Stimulus, receptor, control center, effector, homeostasis restored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Negative feedback

A

original stimulus is reversed (high blood pressure to low)
used for conditions that need frequent adjustments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Positive feedback

A

original stimulus is intensified (ex: contractions to induce birth, clotting, lactation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nucleic Acid

A
  1. stores genetic information
  2. makes proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Denature

A

straighten out a protein (heat, acid, radiation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List the characteristics of life

A

Organization, responsiveness, growth, metabolism, regulation, reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the levels of organization

A

atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelles, cells, tissue, organ, organ system,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Systems in the body are

A

interrelated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which two systems regulate the other nine systems?

A
  1. Nervous
  2. Endocrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the net ATP at the end of the cycle

A

34 ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Examples of cell shapes

A

Spherical, biconcave, cylindrical, cube, column, irregular (squamous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 3 main structural features of a cell

A
  1. Maintains borders and shape
  2. Harvest energy and matter
  3. Waste management
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define osmosis

A

movement of water through a semipermeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

“Where salt goes, water flows”

A

Osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Isotonic

A

no change (saline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hypotonic

A

blood cells shrink (distilled water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hypertonic

A

blood cells swell (salt water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define tonicity

A

ability of a solution to change

26
Q

Exocytosis

A

outside cell processes

27
Q

Endocytosis

A

inside cell process

28
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

lets things in and out of the cell

29
Q

Apoptosis

A

cell suicide or programmed cell death
when: injury/infection, cancerous cells, development

30
Q

Necrosis

A

death from trauma

31
Q

Features of epithelial tissue

A

Cellularity, polar, attached, avascular

32
Q

Functions of epithelial tissue

A

protection, selective permeability, secretions, sensation

33
Q

Gland

A

secrete into body

34
Q

Exocrine gland

A

have ducts

35
Q

Components of connective tissue

A

cells spread out, fibers (protein), ground substance

36
Q

The ground substance consists of:

A

fluid- plasma
semisolid- cartilage
solid- bone

37
Q

Collagen

A

strong, but do not stress
ex: tendon, ligament

38
Q

Reticular

A

similar to collagen, thinner and more supportive
ex: liver

39
Q

Elastic

A

even thinner, stretchy
ex: lung, bv, skin

40
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A
  1. physical protection
  2. support/ex: capsules
  3. binding/ ex: ligaments
  4. storage/fat-E/bones-Ca, P
  5. transport/ ex: blood
  6. immunity/WBC
41
Q

Skeletal muscle characteristics

A

long, striped
v movement, reflexes, attached to bone

42
Q

Cardiac muscle characteristics

A

striated, intercalated discs
inv, move blood

43
Q

Smooth muscle characteristics

A

tapered, “flattened toothpicks”
contractions, hollow organs, inv

44
Q

Functions of nervous tissue

A

continue nerve impulses, communication, regulation, “helper cells”

45
Q

Roles of different tissues

A

Epithelial; secretions, Muscle; mixing and moving, Nervous; contraction, Cardiac; support and strength

46
Q

Mucous membrane

A

line passageways, secrete, lubricate, and prevent infections

47
Q

Serous membrane

A

lines thoracic and abdomen cavities, outside of organs, lubricate

48
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

covers the outside of the body

49
Q

Synovial membrane

A

line joints, secrete fluids

50
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

covers the outside of the body

51
Q

Hyperplasia

A

increase in # of cells

52
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in SIZE of cells

53
Q

Atrophy

A

decrease in SIZE of cells

54
Q

Stratum basale

A

1 cell thick, bottom layer,stem cells

55
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

many cells

56
Q

Stratum granulosa

A

granules of keratin

57
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

clear layer, tough thick cells (dead)

58
Q

Regeneration

A

repair with the same tissue

59
Q

Fibrosis

A

repair that leads to the formation of a scar

60
Q

Wound healing process

A
  1. Bleeding
  2. Clotting
  3. Granulation tissue (dermis repairs)
  4. Scab (epidermis repairs)

A & P I (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions