United nations part 2 Flashcards
Who are the peacekeeping forces organized by?
The UN
Whose army is being used?
The members of the UN army are being used, since the UN is an organization, that doesn’t have an international army, meaning they borrow soldiers from each state.
What caused the idea of not having an international army?
Overarching common identity, since it needs to be neutral.
Why do states have to submit their soldiers?
Collective secuirty
Who is in charge of the “UN” army?
Under their own National force, but act under the command of the UNS.
Who assembles a peacekeeping force?
Secretary general
What are soldiers (part of the UN) commonly called?
Blue helmets
When are peacekeepers authorized to leave? And why?
The host government (land that they are on) orders them out, because of sovereignty.
Authority is granted by?
Security Council
Funds must be voted by
General assembly
What is the name of the mission where the UN peacekeeping work is called?
Peace operations.
peace operation problems focus on..
-Protection of civilians
-Supervision of elections
-Running the government while society gets back on its feet.
What is Peacebuilding?
In an effort to provide long-term support after conflict.
What are the 2 different functions of a peacekeeper mission? And explain what they do.
1) Observers: Unarmed military officers sent to conflict in small #, simply to watch what happens and report back to the UN. They monitor the country’s situation, ceasefires, elections, and human rights.
2) Peacekeepers: Keep the peace, but not there to physically interfere or stop the fight. They go to the conflicted state when a cease-fire is established, taken effect, and held up for some time. But it breaks a lot and it might take years.
When is peacekeeping difficult?
When one side sees the UN forces are being biased.
Why do many states contribute their national military forces to the UN peacekeeping missions?
States feel that by contributing to a common good, they are advancing…
1) The interest of peace
2) projects the image of a strong military power
3) Sending the army to the UN can be financially beneficial ( get paid by the UN contributions)
4) Useful for domestic political stability ( after a civil war, they give soldiers to show that they are stable now and are able to interfere in International relations).
What do the peacekeepers do?
1) Interpose themselves physically. between parties to keep them apart.
2) Negotiate with military officers on both sides to bring understanding.
Explain how giving an army to the UN can be seen as a soft power.
Shows that the states are peaceful, and influences them to think that they are cooperative.
Who had the idea of peace enforcement? What did he mention?
Boutras Boutras Gheli
-To create a stand-by UN army of soldiers that can go in and fight, instead of waiting to arrange soldiers from each state. But this was disapproved.
-But can authorize the use of soldiers so citizens are safe.
-Some states took his idea ( 7 countries) and created a stand-by in Denmark, ready to deploy them to conflicted areas.
Why has the UN international police force ballooned?
-Has the ideas, not the resource
-Liberal world order
What is human security? What is this called?
Where it would rescue people from wars such as civil war and ethnic conflicts.
Humantatiran interventions.
What does the Regional argument say?
Suggest making regional groups
Regional intervention can not be the answer:
1) Third world countries
2) Dosent have the Capability to succeed but they are willing to.
3) Forces not strong enough to succeed. Not trained.
4) Funding
Hard to cooperate because of anarchy.
Who are the costs covered by?
Paid by all UN members, who are assessed on a scale that is adjusted to their wealth.
Who are the supplies funded by?
1) 5p: Are able to provide sizeable armed forces. But are seldom willing to commit them.
2) 3rd world countries: They have large armies, but soldiers are ill-trained and equipment has to be supplied by a richer state. AND the army is not made until the council agrees.
When does the UN have full control in a state?
A state with no government, where they train the locals and do their job themselves.
What is the counterargument?
Should the Trusteeship preassemble under a new name & be resurrected to run disabled countries?
When should the UN intervene in a country’s social affairs?
1) Only when invited to do so by the government.
2) The p5 divide when they should intervene but is based on their national interest rather than the right of the visitors to be rescued.
What can the UN do to make the Peacekeeping missions more efficient?
1) Improve intelligence
2) Spotting crises before they arise
3) See this as a colonization
The security general are able to say no when …
The members of the security council ask.
What should the security general be prepared to do?
Say no to the Security Council
Why is the security resolution limiting peacekeeping missions to happen?
1) Great fuss about wasting resources.
2) Resolution can be made, but not acted upon.
What is the secretariat known as?
President of the world.
Nominated by the Security Council but approved by
( Secretariat)
General assembly, and obviously if they are nominated by the security council the p5 agrees.
Where do they come from? ( Secretariat)
Elected from various regions in the world but never from great powers.
How long do they stay for? ( Secretariat)
5 years
What’s their job? (Secretariat).
-bureacuracy for administering UN policy and programs
-Works with the Security Council
-Think about the whole world’s purpose
Why was the Geneva frequent site made?
Gain trust, More neutral than New York.
Where does the secretariat loyalty lie?
Lie is at the global level not with their states of origin.
Secretary general?
Managers, and visible public figures, bring hostile parties together in negotiations.
Major role in setting the UN’s agenda in International security affairs.
What power do they have under the charter?
To bring the Security Council any matter that might threaten international peace and security.
What is the secretary general constrained by?
Sovereignty
The Charter allows the secretariat general to serve as a
neutral mediator to international conflicts.
The general assembly is…
made of all 193 member states of the UN, each with one vote.
Why do they assemble sessions that are translated into a dozen languages?
To be able to have conversations with each other.
Provides a powerful medium for states to put forward their ideas and arguments.
Global town hall
What problem does the general assembly discuss?
Economic cooperation
What does the general assembly have the power to…
Accredit national delegations as members of the UN.
The General Assembly coordinated UN programs and agencies through…
ECOSOC
ECO has 4 commissions’ names and explain
1) Regional commissions: Look at how UN programs work together in particular regions.
2) Functional commissions: Deal with global topics such as population, growth, narcotics trafficking, human rights, and the status of women.
3) Specialized commissions: Issues such as decolonization, legal matters, and disarmament.
4) Expert bodies: Work on technical subjects that cut across various UN programs such as crime prevention and public finances.
Outside ECOSOC:
Name all sessions that can happen in the General Assembly.
Plenary: Each year
Special: Every few years on general topics.
Emergency sessions: Immediate threats to International peace only happened 9 times.
