Unite 2: Gilded Age and Westward Expansion Flashcards
Andrew Carnegie
United States industrialist and philanthropist who endowed education and public libraries and research trusts; a “robber baron” who developed the steel industry; practiced vertical integration.
Merit
A system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement
Dawes Act
1887 law that distributed reservation land to individual Native American owners.
Jon D. Rockefeller
Wealthy owner of Standard Oil Company; considered a robber baron who used ruthless tactics to eliminate other businesses; built trusts and used the money to influence government
Chinese Exclusion Act
1882 law that denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate; was passed as a result of American workers feeling threatened by job competition.
Homestead Act 1862
Law that provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it; meant to encourage westward migration
political machine
a group that controls the activities of a political party
Industrialization
The process by which a society transforms itself from one based mostly on agriculture to one based mostly on industry/manufacturing
Boss Tweed
an American politician most notable for being the boss of Tammany Hall in the late 1800s; he was eventually convicted of stealing an estimated $25 million dollars from New York City taxpayers through political corruption
Trust
A monopoly that controls goods and services, often in combinations that reduce competition
Assimilation
Adopting the traits of another culture; often happens over time when one immigrates to a new country.
Social Gospel Movement
a movement in the late 1800s/early 1900s that emphasized charity and social responsibility as a means of salvation.
Immigration
The action of coming permanently to a foreign country
Nativities
A person who favors those born in his country and is opposed to immigrants
Bessemer Process
a way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities.
