Unit_allz Flashcards
What role do “chance encounters” play in shaping human lives according to Bandura?
Bandura asserts that “chance encounters” significantly influence the course of human lives, highlighting the role of fortuitous events in behavior.
Explain the Rationalism vs. Irrationalism perspective.
logical & intelligent = behavior
rational control (emotions or unconscious mechanisms)
What is the Nature vs. Nurture debate in psychology?
nature = human attributes are inherited
nurture = determined by experience
Discuss the “Mind and Body” perspectives in psychology.
Monists (Materialists and Idealists) explain everything in terms of one type of reality, while Dualists believe in both physical and mental events.
What is Non-determinism’s view on studying humans?
Non-determinism ≠ the scientific approach
emphasizing free will & individual choice
Explain the concept of Indeterminism in psychology.
human behavior
= determined
causes of behavior
≠ measured
What are the main paradigms in psychology?
Behaviouristic, Humanistic, Developmental, Psychoanalytic, Cognitive, and Psychobiological.
Describe Thomas Kuhn’s stages of scientific development.
The stages are Pre-paradigmatic (competing viewpoints), Paradigmatic (one viewpoint becomes dominant), and Revolutionary (an existing paradigm is displaced by another).
How does Karl Popper’s Principle of Falsifiability apply to scientific theories?
scientific theory
= refutable & risky
What are the different types of determinism discussed in psychology?
Biological-
Environmental-
Socioculturaldeterminism
Define Determinism in the context of psychology.
Belief that all behavior is caused/explained
=
-> sociocultural factors
-> environmental
-> biological
What principle did Karl Popper introduce in the philosophy of science?
Principle of Falsifiability
=> scientific theory
refutable & make risky predictions = strong
What are the main paradigms in psychology mentioned in the script?
Behaviouristic, Humanistic, Developmental, Psychoanalytic, Cognitive, and Psychobiological paradigms.
What are the two main components of science according to the script?
empirical observation
vs.
theory
How did Galileo and Kant view psychology as a science?
They believed psychology could never be a true science due to its concern with subjective experience.
Who was St. Thomas Aquinas and what was his key contribution?
Synthesized Aristotle’s works with Christian tradition, advocating the reconciliation of Faith and Reason.
What does the Renaissance signify?
„rebirth”
focusing on human-centered away from a God-centered
How did Galileo Galilei contribute to the understanding of reality?
objective reality
vs.
subjective reality
Describe the differences between Rationalism and Empiricism.
mental structures & truths
-> logical deduction
sensory information & the importance of experience
What is Rene Descartes’ famous statement and its significance?
Cogito ergo sum
I think, therefore I am
the mind-body distinction
What is the Bell-Magendie Law?
sensory ≠ motor nerves
Explain Paul Broca’s clinical method in psychology.
He linked behavior disorders in living patients to specific brain areas post-mortem, notably identifying Broca’s area related to speech.
What role did Islamic philosophers play in the Early Middle Ages?
They translated, studied, and expanded ancient Greek and Roman wisdom, contributing to medicine, science, and mathematics.
What were the key characteristics of the Scientific Revolution?
Advances by Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton, focusing on objective observation and the establishment of natural laws.