Unit4 (terms) Flashcards
What is the idea that a legislative representative should be exactly mirror his or her constituents’ views in deciding on public policy?
Delegate theory of representation
Those rights and responsibilities of the U.S. government specifically provided for and listed in the constitution
Enumerated powers
The power of Congress to enforce laws.
Enforcement powers
A form of government in which power is divided and shared between a central government and state and local governments
Federalism
The drawing of the boundaries of an electoral district to favor a political party
Gerrymandering
Those powers authorized by the legal document that are not expressly stated but can be inferred from expressly stated powers.
Implied powers
Those powers ingrained so deeply in an institution that the need not be stated.
Inherent powers
The idea that a legislative representative should use his or her best judgment in making decisions on public policy, regardless of constitution opinion.
Trustee theory of representation
A proposed law placed before a legislature for approval
Bill
A rule of the U.S. Senate stipulating that debates on a legislative proposal be cut off and the proposal voted upon by the full Senate if sixty members agree
Cloture
he practice of refusing to surrender the floor during a debate to prevent the U.S. Senate from voting on a proposal
Filibuster
The act of charging a public official with a crime while in office and bringing him or her to trial. Convicted officials are removed from office.
Impeachment
The practice of attempting to affect legislation by influencing legislators
Lobbying
A presidential practice that allows a bill to die if not signed within ten days and congress is adjourned.
Pocket veto
The power of congress to undertake formal inquiries into matters of public business and public policy.
Power to investigate
A formal statement of a decision or expression of opinion put before or adopted by an assembly such as the U.S. Congress
Resolution
The higher status that people can assume within an organization due to their length of service in the organization.
Seniority
The highest ranked person in the military
Commander in chief
A directive issued by the president, including Presidential Directives, National Security Directives, Homeland Security Presidential Directives.
Executive order
The authority to carry out and enforce the law
Executive power
Governmental department and agencies and their staffs, principally civil service members and political appointees
Bureaucracy
Various federal executive departments, such as the DOT, or the DOS, are part of Cabinet and are administered by senior federal executive.
Cabinet
Employment in federal, state or provincial, and local governmental agencies.
Civil Service
Administrative organizations located outside the structure of executive departments.
Independent agencies
The support given by an influential person
Patronage
Belong to an agency, board, or other government entity in which there are hearings, orders, judgments, or other actives similar to those of courts.
Quasi-judicial powers
Belong to entities that have a partly legislative character because they possess the right to make rules and regulations having the force of law.
Quasi-legislative powers
A formal opinion on a point of law given by a judge or court when requested by a legislature or government official.
Advisory opinion
The bringing of a court case from a lower to a higher court in an attempt to have the lower courts decision reversed.
Appeal
The legal authority of a court to hear appeals from a lower court
Appellate jurisdiction
The power or authority to hear cases and make decisions
Jurisdiction
A legal decision of great historical significance
Landmark decision
A person who is a party to a lawsuit
Litigant
Interpretive methods employment by U.S. Supreme Court justices considering constitutional issues
Methods of constitutional interpretation
If a court has jurisdiction to initially hear a dispute and resolve it, as opposed to reviewing an already litigated case.
Original jurisdiction
A type of written order issued by a court seeking judicial review of a legal decision.
Writ of certiorari
A proposed law placed on the ballots of some states for decision by voters.
Initiative
Governments of a specific local area, such as state subdivision authorized by states or governments of cities, counties, and towns.
Local governments
The inherent authority of a government to impose restrictions on private rights for the sake of public welfare, order, and security within the boundaries of constitutional law.
Police powers
A process of using special or general elections for removing elected officials from office.
Recall
The placing of a measure approved by a legislature on a ballot for popular approval
Referendum
Powers referred to in the ninth and tenth amendments that are reserved to the state or the people.
Reserved powers
