Unit3 Micro

Question 1

Waterhouse-Friderichen syndrome

Answer 1

Due to septicemia cause by neisseria meningitidis

• hourly spreading purpura, DIC
• destruction of the adrenal glands

Question 2

neisseria meningitidus bacteriology

Answer 2

Gram negative diplococci
encapsulated
Oxidase pos, catalyase pos
Ferments gulcose and maltose, NOT sucrose, lactose
Use blood agar or thayer-martin agar

Question 3

neisseria meningitidus virulence factors

Answer 3

1. ) IgA protease- to colonize nasopharynx
2. ) Polysaccaride capsule- resists phagocytosis, allows them to circulate and get into the meninges
3. ) Endotoxin LOS- own particulate endotoxin, less immunogenic but can still cause septic shock

Question 4

neisseria meningitidus treatment

Answer 4

Penicillin G

Alternatives- ceftriaxone, cefotaxine, cefuroxime chloramphenicol

NO STERIODS

Question 5

Group B strep bacteriology

Answer 5

Gram pos cocci
Beta-hemolytic
Encapsulated

Question 6

Most common cause of neonatal sepsis is________

Answer 6

Group B Strep

• Presents 1 to 7 days postpartum as pneumonia with bacteremia
• Late disease, 1 to 12 weeks postpartum, bacteremia with meningitis (usually serotype 3)

Test term-pregnant patients for GBS by swab and culture
If positive: during delivery give IV penicillin or amoxicillin

Question 7

Group B strep treatment

Answer 7

Penicillin or amoxicillin

alt vancomycin

Question 8

Strep pneumoniae bacteriology

Answer 8

Gram neg diplococci in chains
catalase negative facultative anaerobes
Pathogenic strains are encapsulated and produce pneumonlysin (pore-forming toxin)

Question 9

MC cause of community-acquired pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, bacteremia and otitis media is __________

Answer 9

Strep pneumoniae

Question 10

Strep pneumoniae treatment

Answer 10

noninvasive: amoxicillin or cephalosporin for everyone
fluororquinolones or doxycycline for adults

invasive: vancomycin plus ceftriaxone

Question 11

Strep pneumoniae antibiotic resistance

Answer 11

• work through decreased binding affinity to the drug so sometimes can be overcome by increasing the binding affinity
• transposon tends to carry resistance for several drugs

Question 12

Prevnar 7

Answer 12

Vaccine that raises protective IgG against the capsules of the seven serotypes that most commonly caused invasive disease prior to 2000

Question 13

Causes of aspetic meningitis

Answer 13

80%- enteroviruses
10%- arbovirus
9%- HSV
1%- other

Question 14

Brudzinski’s sign

Answer 14

symptom of meningitis

hen neck is bend knees flex

Question 15

Rabies virus treatment

Answer 15

Post exposure immunization can prevent disease because of the long incubation period

Need to catch it while it is replicating in the dorsal ganglion before it ascents the spinal cord

Question 16

Togaviruses

Answer 16

VEE, EEE, WEE- cause encephalitis
chikungunya virus- fever arthralgia, arthritis
rubella virus- causes rubella

Question 17

Flaviviruses that cause encephalitis

Answer 17

Japenese encephalitis- West nile, St. louis encephalitis-vector is mosquito

Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus, powassan virus-vector is tick