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Geography > Unit3- Energy Security > Flashcards

Unit3- Energy Security Flashcards

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0
Q

How much of global population and global energy consumption does Africa make up?

A

13% population

3% energy

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1
Q

How many globally do not have electricity access?

A

2.1bn

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2
Q

In 1970, how much of the UK’s energy profile was made up of solid fuel use?

A

47%

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3
Q

In 2000, how much was natural gas consumption of the UK energy mix?

A

41%

Solis fuels fallen to 16%

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4
Q

In 2012, how much of UK energy supply came from renewables?

A

11%

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5
Q

In 2012, how much of energy consumption did transport make up in UK?

A

36%

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6
Q

What is the year that UK aims to reach the EU renewables target?

A

30% from renewables by 2020

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7
Q

How much of UK energy supply is from nuclear?

A

16%

Aim to have 1/4 by 2025

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8
Q

How many of households in UK are in energy poverty?

A

11%

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9
Q

How much did wages and energy prices rise in 2013?

A

Energy bills increased by 8%

Incomes increased by 0.8%

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10
Q

How much of an investment is needed in the UK to meet predicted future demand?

A

£110bn by 2020

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11
Q

What is declining reserves of fossil fuels in the UK Continental Shelf doing to energy security?

A

Increasingly dependent of imports. By 2020, gas imports could make up be 80-90% of the Uk supply

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12
Q

How much of oil supply did the 2011 conflict in Libya remove from global supply?

A

Removed 1.6million barrels per day

10-20% increase in oil price

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13
Q

How much does Russia supply of Europe’s gas?

A

30%

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14
Q

How much of UK energy is coal?

A

15%

Safe supply as it is is high supply and cheap

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15
Q

What are the oil reserves in Nigeria?

A

35bn barrels

16
Q

How much of Africa’s crude oil does Nigeria have?

A

2/3

17
Q

In what global position was Nigeria in for exporting of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in 2012?

A

4th

18
Q

What is Nigeria’s 2025 target for renewables?

A

7%

19
Q

What is the Trans-Saharan Gas Pipeline (TSGP)?

A

2,500 mile pipeline carrying natural gas from oil fields in Nigerian Delta through an export terminal in the Mediterranean Sea to Europe

20
Q

To what extent has supply disruption in Nigeria removed oil?

A

Up to 500,000 barrels per day

Shell have withdrawn from some regions due to terrorism

21
Q

Nigerian over dependence on oil- from 1956 to 1979 how much did oil revenue as a % of Nigeria’s total export earnings increase?

A

Increased from 13.5% to 96.5%

22
Q

How much of Nigeria’s GDP is made up of Oil production?

A

30% and 80% of government revenue

23
Q

Describe Nigerian energy insecurity:

A

Surplus of supply but lack of access and affordability

Electricity generation falls short of demand resulting in load shedding, blackouts, and a reliance on private generation

24
Q

How many of Nigerians have access to electricity?

A

Only 40%

25
Q

How many UK Turks households are not connected to the mains gas network?

A

5 million

26
Q

How much of population growth occurs in developing countries?

A

95%

27
Q

Sources of energy demand:

A

Population growth, economic development, rising standard of living, energy reliant tech

28
Q

In 2005, how much of global oil did transport use?

A

28%

29
Q

From what time frame is energy demand expected to double?

A

From 2010-2050

30
Q

When is energy consumption in developing countries expected to double?

A

2020 (China and India with biggest increase)

31
Q

What is the Energy Security Index (ESI)?

A

Used to measure the availability (the amount and longevity of domestic energy and reliance on imports), diversity and intensity (degree to which the country is dependent on oil and gas).
The higher the index, the lower the risk and greater the energy security
Extreme risk: (7.5) Russia

32
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of energy risk?

A
  1. Heavy importers of energy
  2. Lack of domestic reserves
  3. Lack of energy mix
  4. Lack of infrastructure to supply
  5. Consumption of resources exceeds reserves
33
Q

How much does the Middle East export in crude oil a day?

A

15,000 barrels a day

34
Q

The Nabucco:

A

Pipeline planned in 2004 to transport natural gas over 3,000km from Caspian region to Austria.
Capacity of 31bn cubic metres
To be completed in 2013
Cost €8bn
Will allow Europe to be less reliant on Russian supply

35
Q

Russia Ukraine

A

Russia sea resource as a form of geopolitical control
Gazprom controls 1/3 of global gas
2006: completely cut off supply to Ukraine causing 40% less supply to Europe and 4x higher price
March 2008: cut off supply to Ukraine by 50%

36
Q

Russia Bulgaria

A

1994: Russia cut off Bulgarian supply
Business suffered
One production business lost 3/4 of production and over €2million

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