Unit2 Flashcards
1
Q
Faith
A
Belief, trust, and loyalty to something for which there is no proof
2
Q
Religion
A
What a person does to answer the basic existential questions of life
3
Q
Function of religion in society
A
Moral foundation
4
Q
Personal function of religion
A
Meaning, control, social
5
Q
Religion ID
A
Sinful nature
6
Q
Religion SUPEREGO
A
God (holiness)
7
Q
Religion EGO
A
Man’s pursuit of God
8
Q
Faith is an orientation of the total person, giving purpose and hope to goals and strivings, thoughts and actions.
WHO SAID
A
Fowler
9
Q
Fowler’s stages 1-3
A
Rely on outside authority for religious belief
10
Q
Fowler’s stages 4+
A
Personal faith and development
11
Q
Faith stage 0
A
Undifferentiated/Primal
12
Q
Undifferentiated-Primal faith
A
0-2 years.
Safety and trust set foundation for faith.
13
Q
Stage 1 Faith
A
Intuitive-projective (imaginative) Faith
14
Q
Intuitive-projective faith
A
3-7
Concrete/absolute terms.
No difference between fantasy and reality.
15
Q
Faith stage 2
A
Mythic-literal (literal) faith
16
Q
Mythic-literal faith
A
7-12
More logical/skeptical
Tendency towards rigidity
God rewards good and punishes bad
17
Q
Faith stage 3
A
Synthetic conventional (guiding) faith
18
Q
Synthetic conventional faith
A
12+
believing what “everyone else” believes
non-analytical
19
Q
Faith stage 4
A
Individual-reflective (personal) faith
20
Q
individual-reflective faith
A
18+
Capable of taking full responsibility for religious beliefs
in-depth exploration of values and beliefs
21
Q
faith stage 5
A
conjunctive (paradoxical) faith
22
Q
conjunctive faith
A
40+
more open to paradox and opposing viewpoints
awareness of one’s limitations
develop universal ideas and orient towards other people
23
Q
Faith stage 6
A
Universalizing (inclusive) faith
24
Q
Universalizing faith
A
50+
Transcending belief systems to achieve sense of oneness with all being
conflict no longer viewed as paradox
altruism
25
Two religious orientations
Intrinsic, Extrinsic
26
5 dimensions of religious life
belief, practice, feeling, knowledge, effects
27
a strong emotional bond with special others that endures over time
attachment
28
who did the rhesus monkey experiment
Harry Harlow
29
Who did strange situation and 4 degrees of attachment
Mary Ainsworth
30
4 degrees of attachment
secure
avoidant
ambivalent
disorganized/disoriented
31
distressed when caregiver leaves, quickly comforted upon return
secure child
32
not distressed when caregiver leaves, avoids caregiver upon return
avoidant child
33
inconsolably upset when caregiver leaves. both seeks and rejects contact when caregiver returns
ambivalent child
34
caregivers are sensitive and responsive to signals of distress, happiness, and fatigue
secure child
35
caregivers are aloof and distant
avoidant child
36
caregivers are inconsistent and alternate between strong affection and indifference
ambivalent child
37
caregivers are severely negligent or abusive
disoriented child
38
4 parenting styles
permissive-neglectful
permissive-indulgent
authoritarian
authoritative
39
"life doesn't make any sense without interdependence"
Erik Erikson
40
Theory based on the idea that we develop as people based on our interactions with others
Erikson's theory of psychosocial development
41
who characterized each freudian stage as an inner conflict resolved towards positive or negative side, depending on child's experience with others
Erikson
42
who expanded freud's stages
Erikson
43
Psychosocial stage 1
Trust vs. Mistrust
44
Trust vs. Mistrust age and stage
birth-1 yr.
oral
are my needs met
45
Psychosocial stage 2
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
46
autonomy vs. shame and doubt age and stage
1-3 yr
anal
can i do it
47
psychosocial stage 3
initiative vs. guilt
48
initiative vs. guilt age and stage
3-5 yr
phallic
challenge to control behavior
49
psychosocial stage 4
Industry vs. Inferiority
50
Industry vs. Inferiority age and stage
5-12
Latency
learning new skills and obtaining new knowledge
51
psychosocial stage 5
identity vs. role confusion
52
Identity vs. role confusion age and stage
adolescent
genital
who/what do i want to be
53
psychosocial stage 6
intimacy vs. isolation
54
intimacy vs. isolation age and stage
early adulthood
| can i share who i am with others?
55
Psychosocial stage 7
Generativity vs. stagnation
56
Generativity vs. stagnation age and stage
middle adulthood
| be creative, productive, and nurturant
57
Psychosocial stage 8
Ego Integrity vs. Despair
58
Ego Integrity vs despair age and stage
Late adulthood
| will i reach wisdom/spiritual tranquility/wholeness/acceptance
59
behavioral, mental, and physical processes occurring when events match or exceed ability to respond in a healthy way
stress
60
environmental event or stimulus that threatens an organism
stressor
61
2 types of stressors
Distress (unpleasant), Eustress (positive)
62
physical, behavioral, psychological reaction to stressors
stress response
63
Mediating factors
things like personality and coping strategies that affect a person's response to stress
64
7 sources of stress
Catastrophes, Major life changes, Chronic stressors, Job, hassles, frustrations, conflicts
65
3 types of conflict
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
approach-avoidance
66
choosing between 2 desirable goals
approach-approach
67
choosing between two undesirable outcomes
avoidance-avoidance
68
choosing between things that have both positive and negative aspects
approach-avoidance
69
Body's mechanism for dealing with invading microorganisms
immune system
70
Consistent pattern of physical responses to stress
general adaptation syndrome
71
General adaptation syndrome stages (3)
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
72
2 parts of autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic system
| Parasympathetic system
73
System that responds to stressful events
sympathetic
74
System that restores the body to normal functioning after stress
parasympathetic
75
female tendency to respond to stressors by protecting, caring, and forming alliances
tend and befriend
76
Type A
ambitious, time conscious, competitive, impatient, hostile
77
Type B
relaxed, slow to anger
78
Type C
pleasant but repressed, internalized anger and anxiety, lonely
79
Hostile personality
hot-tempered, cynical, combative
80
Hardy personality
thrives on stress, lacks anger/hostility
81
3 components of hardy personality
commitment
challenge
control
82
extent to which people can reduce or control stress
personal control
83
Who did cognitive appraisal
Richard Lazarus
84
Estimating the severity of a stressor and classifying it as a threat or challenge
Primary appraisal
85
estimating the resources available to the person for coping with stressor
secondary appraisal
86
actions people can take to master, tolerate, reduce, or minimize effects of stressors
coping strategies
87
2 types of coping mechanisms
problem-focused
| emotion-focused
88
study of strengths and virtues that allow people to thrive
positive psychology
89
3 components of happiness
positive emotion/pleasure
engagement in life
meaningful life
90
regulation of biological cycles into regular daily rhythms
circadian rhythms
91
drifting off. body slows, muscles relax
lightest sleep
| 5-10 mins
92
brain activity, heart rate, breathing slow
| temperature falls
light sleep 5-15 mins
93
slow wave sleep
occasional bursts of fast brain
groggy upon waking
start of deep sleep
| 5-15 mins
94
only slow wave sleep
difficult to wake
bed wetting and night terrors
regeneration
deepest sleep
| 1-2 hours
95
active sleep
dreams
muscle paralysis
first cycle 10 mins, each cycle longer
REM
96
development of thinking, problem solving, and memory schemas
cognitive development
97
'the principle goal of education should be creating people capable of doing new things"
Jean Piaget
98
Babies begin at primitive level and progress in distinct stages. children aren't little adults.
piaget
99
ways of thinking about how the world works
schemas
100
Sensorimotor stage (birth-2)
infants explore through senses and motor activities. until language acquisition. OBJECT PERMANENCE
101
Pre operational stage (2-7)
using language to explore. Symbols and intuition. No reversibility or conversation. Animism, centrism, egocentrism
102
Concrete Operational (7-11)
Conversation, rational thought. No abstract ability.
103
Formal Operational (11+)
abstract thought, hypothesis testing. Not all adults reach this. Imaginary Audience, Personal Fable
104
Sensorimotor Milestone
Object Permanence
105
Pre operational milestone
Symbolic thought
106
Concrete operational milestone
Conversation
107
Formal operational milestone
abstract thought
108
Children develop through social operations and scaffolding
Vygotsky
109
Process by which skilled learner gives less and less help to unskilled learner
scaffolding
110
Difference between what child can do alone and with help of teacher
Zone of proximal development
111
Freud said foundation of moral behavior is?
avoiding guilt feelings
112
Moral branch of personality
Superego
113
2 parts of superego
Ego Ideal and Conscience
114
reward for acting ideally-pride, value
ego ideal
115
punishment for disapproval
conscience
116
"Right action defined by individual standards determined by society"
Kohlberg
117
Doing something wrong to do something right (value of life)
Heinz dilemma
118
Kohlberg 3 levels of moral reasoning
pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional
119
Who said men and women had different perspectives on morality?
Carol Gilligan
120
Men/women moral perspectives
Justice vs. Care
121
3 Learning Psychologists
Watson, Pavlov, Skinner
122
"learning dependent on environment. anyone can be anything"
Watson
123
3 ways of learning
associative, non-associative, watching others
124
Learning info about one external stimulus
non-associative
125
understanding how info is related
associative
126
2 stimuli go together
classical conditioning
127
behavior leads to outcome
operant conditioning
128
pavlov conditioning?
classical
129
who did little albert
watson
130
who laid foundation for operant conditioning
thorndike
131
actions with pleasant effects will be repeated
thorndike law of effect
132
who did cat puzzle box
thorndike
133
who emphasized reinforcement after behavior of interest
skinner
134
who named operant
skinner
