unit1 Flashcards
what is cellular differeantiom
Cellular differentiation is the process by which a cell expresses certain genes to produce proteins characteristic for that type of cell. This allows a cell to carry out specialised functions
why are embryonic stems cells fabulous?
All the genes in embryonic stem cells can be switched on so these cells can differentiate into any type of cell.
what stem cell is involved in therapeutic use
Therapeutic uses involve the repair of damaged or diseased organs or tissues.
The therapeutic uses of stem cells should be exemplified by how they are used in corneal repair and the regeneration of damaged skin
what does DNA polymerase do
DNA polymerase adds DNA nucleotides, using complementary base pairing, to the deoxyribose (3’) end of the new DNA strand which is forming.
what are primers in
In PCR, primers are short strands of nucleotides which are complementary to specific target sequences at the two ends of the region of DNA to be amplified.
what is RNA
RNA is single stranded and is composed of nucleotides containing ribose sugar, phosphate and one of four bases: cytosine, guanine, adenine and uracil.
what is A TRNA molecule
A tRNA molecule has an anticodon (an exposed triplet of bases) at one end and an attachment site for a specific amino acid at the other end.
what is a nonsense mutation
Nonsense mutations result in a premature stop codon being produced which results in a shorter protein.
what is inversion
Inversion is where a section of chromosome is reversed.
what is pharmacogetices
Pharmacogenetics is the use of genome information in the choice of drugs.
personalised medicine
An individual’s personal genome sequence can be used to select the most effective drugs and dosage to treat their disease (personalised medicine).
what is dehydrogenase enzymes
Dehydrogenase enzymes remove hydrogen ions and electrons and pass them to the coenzyme NAD, forming NADH. This occurs in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
describe use of primers in stage 2 and 3 PCR
Stage 2 - (Primers) bind/attach to DNA/3’end/strands.
Stage 3- Primers) allow DNA/Taq polymerase to attach/start replicating/start copying/add nucleotides (to DNA).
