UNIT1 Flashcards
Magma
Molten rock located below the Earth’s surface within the mantle or crust.
Plate boundary
The place where plates in the Earth’s crust meet.
Destructive margin
A plate boundary where oceanic plates and continental plates move towards each other. The oceanic crust is destroyed as it subducts into the mantle.
Constructive margin
Plates moving away from each other.
Volcanoes are formed as magma wells up to fill the gap, and eventually new crust is formed. An example of a constructive plate boundary is the mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Conservative margin
Two plates slip past one another, the crust is neither created nor destroyed.
. Friction is eventually overcome and the plates slip past in a sudden movement. The shockwaves created produce an earthquake .
Convergent boundary
Plates moving towards each other.
Divergent boundary
A plate boundary where two plates move apart from each other. New crust is created here.
Subduction
A place where the oceanic plate is forced under the continental plate.
Convection
When the heat in a gas or liquid is transferred from a warmer to a cooler place by upward movement.
Earthquake
A tremor of the surface of the Earth resulting from shock waves generated by the movement of rock masses within the earth, particularly near tectonic plate boundaries.
Shield volcano
A volcanic cone with gentle slopes made up of layers of fluid basaltic lava (runny).
Stratovolcano
A conical volcano with steep sides made up of altering layers of lava and pyroclastic material such as ash. Also known as a composite volcano.
Cinder cone
Cinder Cones are the smallest type of volcano. They occur when particles and blobs of lava are ejected from a single volcanic vent.
Lava flow
A stream of lava flowing from a volcanic vent.
Lahar
a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flows down the slopes of a volcano
Ash cloud
A large cloud of smoke and debris that forms over a volcano after it erupts.
Pyroclastic flow
A pyroclastic flow is a dense, fast-moving flow of solidified lava pieces, volcanic ash, and hot gases. It occurs as part of certain volcanic eruptions
Acid rain
Sulfur dioxide released into the air during a volcanic eruption can rise into the atmosphere and cause acid rain.
Volcanic bombs
Formed when a volcano ejects viscous fragments of lava during an eruption. They cool into solid fragments before they reach the ground.
Vulnerability
The potential to be harmed by a natural hazard. Some people and places are more vulnerable due to exposure or economic development for example.
Crater
It is typically a bowl-shaped feature on a volcano, within which contains either multiple vents or a singular vent.
Chamber
A large pool of magma collected beneath a volcano.
Vent
An opening is exposed on the earth’s surface where volcanic material is emitted.
Active
A volcano is either erupting or is likely to erupt in the future.
