UNIT1

Question 1

Magma

Answer 1

Molten rock located below the Earth’s surface within the mantle or crust.

Question 2

Plate boundary

Answer 2

The place where plates in the Earth’s crust meet.

Question 3

Destructive margin

Answer 3

A plate boundary where oceanic plates and continental plates move towards each other. The oceanic crust is destroyed as it subducts into the mantle.

Question 4

Constructive margin

Answer 4

Plates moving away from each other.

Volcanoes are formed as magma wells up to fill the gap, and eventually new crust is formed. An example of a constructive plate boundary is the mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Question 5

Conservative margin

Answer 5

Two plates slip past one another, the crust is neither created nor destroyed.

. Friction is eventually overcome and the plates slip past in a sudden movement. The shockwaves created produce an earthquake .

Question 6

Convergent boundary

Answer 6

Plates moving towards each other.

Question 7

Divergent boundary

Answer 7

A plate boundary where two plates move apart from each other. New crust is created here.

Question 8

Subduction

Answer 8

A place where the oceanic plate is forced under the continental plate.

Question 9

Convection

Answer 9

When the heat in a gas or liquid is transferred from a warmer to a cooler place by upward movement.

Question 10

Earthquake

Answer 10

A tremor of the surface of the Earth resulting from shock waves generated by the movement of rock masses within the earth, particularly near tectonic plate boundaries.

Question 11

Shield volcano

Answer 11

A volcanic cone with gentle slopes made up of layers of fluid basaltic lava (runny).

Question 12

Stratovolcano

Answer 12

A conical volcano with steep sides made up of altering layers of lava and pyroclastic material such as ash. Also known as a composite volcano.

Question 13

Cinder cone

Answer 13

Cinder Cones are the smallest type of volcano. They occur when particles and blobs of lava are ejected from a single volcanic vent.

Question 14

Lava flow

Answer 14

A stream of lava flowing from a volcanic vent.

Question 15

Lahar

Answer 15

a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flows down the slopes of a volcano

Question 16

Ash cloud

Answer 16

A large cloud of smoke and debris that forms over a volcano after it erupts.

Question 17

Pyroclastic flow

Answer 17

A pyroclastic flow is a dense, fast-moving flow of solidified lava pieces, volcanic ash, and hot gases. It occurs as part of certain volcanic eruptions

Question 18

Acid rain

Answer 18

Sulfur dioxide released into the air during a volcanic eruption can rise into the atmosphere and cause acid rain.

Question 19

Volcanic bombs

Answer 19

Formed when a volcano ejects viscous fragments of lava during an eruption. They cool into solid fragments before they reach the ground.

Question 20

Vulnerability

Answer 20

The potential to be harmed by a natural hazard. Some people and places are more vulnerable due to exposure or economic development for example.

Question 21

Crater

Answer 21

It is typically a bowl-shaped feature on a volcano, within which contains either multiple vents or a singular vent.

Question 22

Chamber

Answer 22

A large pool of magma collected beneath a volcano.

Question 23

Vent

Answer 23

An opening is exposed on the earth’s surface where volcanic material is emitted.

Question 24

Active

Answer 24

A volcano is either erupting or is likely to erupt in the future.

Question 25

Dormant

Answer 25

Volcanoes that have not erupted in a long time but might erupt again in the future.

Question 26

Extinct

Answer 26

A volcano no longer near an active geologic hot spot

Question 27

Slab pull

Answer 27

Slab pull occurs where older, denser tectonic plates sink into the mantle at subduction zones. As these older sections of plates sink, newer and less dense sections of plates are pulled along behind. Sinking in one place leads to plates moving apart in other places.

Question 28

Lava Tubes

Answer 28

Lava tubes are formed when the lava cools on the outside to form rock, and the lava drains from inside.