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Chemistry > Unit Zero: Intro to Chem > Flashcards

Unit Zero: Intro to Chem Flashcards

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1
Q

Quantitative

A

Involves a measurement (number)

Observations are made with intruments such as scales, rulers, thermometers etc.

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2
Q

Qualitative

A

Describes phyical descriptions, descriptions about shape, color, size, etc.

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3
Q

Matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass

  • particles of matter are always in motion
  • kinetic energy (speed) of particles increases as temperature increases
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4
Q

Solid

A 
MOTION OF PARTICLES:
Particles vibrate but don't move past each other
SHAPE: 
definite shape
VOLUME:
definite volume
particles are tightly packed
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5
Q

Liquid

A

MOTION OF PARTICLES:
Particles move by sliding past each other
SHAPE:
indefinite shape
VOLUME:
definite volume
particles are more loosely packed than solid but not as loose as gases

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6
Q

Gas

A 
MOTION OF PARTICLES:
Particles are separate from each other and move throughout the container
SHAPE: 
indefinite shape
VOLUME:
indefinite volume
Most loosely packed particles
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7
Q

Vapor

A

The gaseous phase of a substance that exists as a solid or liquid at room temperature

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8
Q

Physical property

A

a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or mesured without changing the subtance’s composition
Ex. color, solubility, odor, hardness, density, melting/boiling point

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9
Q

Chemical property

A

can only be observed when a substance undergoes a chemical change
Ex. flammability, decomposition, oxidation, explosiveness, corrosion

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10
Q

Extensive property

A

depends on the amount of matter present

Ex. volume, mass

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11
Q

Intensive property

A

Depends on the identity of the sunstance, not the amount

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12
Q

Physical change

A

Change which allows given material without changing its composition
Ex. cutting/tearing, grinding, changes of state

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13
Q

Chemical change

A

Chemical composition of a substance changes (you end with a different subtance than you started with)

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14
Q

Signs of a chemical change

A
  • Emergy change: energy is often given off or absorbed as heat
  • Color change
  • Odor production
  • Production of gas (often as fizz or bubbles)
  • Irreversibility: cannot proceed back to the original form
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15
Q

Phase change: solid to liquid

A

melting

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16
Q

Phase change: liquid to solid

A

freezing

17
Q

Phase change: liquid to gas

A

vaporizing

18
Q

Phase change: gas to liquid

A

condensing

19
Q

Phase change: solid to gas

A

sublimation

20
Q

Phase change: gas to solid

A

deposit

21
Q

Law of conservation of matter

A

In all chemical and physical changes, matter cannot be created or destroyed

22
Q

Pure substance

A

Matter with uniform and constant composition

Each subtance has a unique set of chemical and physical properties

23
Q

Element

A
  • Simplest form of matter that can exist under natural conditions
  • Can’t be broken down into simpler substance
  • Building blocks for all other subtances
24
Q

Compound

A
  • 2 or more different elements chemically combined to form a new substance
  • Can be separated into a simpler subtanvr only by chemical means
  • Has properties that are different from the elements they are made from
25
Q

Mixture

A

Combination of 2 or more pure substances

  • Each substance retains its individual chemical properties
  • Variable composition
  • Can be separted by physical means
26
Q

Heterogeneous mixture

A

Uneven blend of 2 or more subtances
Individual substances remain distinct
Ex. sand, chocolate chip cookies, water

27
Q

Homogenoeous mixture

A

Even blend of 2 or more pure substances
Uniform composition
Very small particles that don’t separate

28
Q

What are 5 signs that a chemical reaction has occurred?

A
  • Energy change
  • Color change
  • Odor production
  • Production of gas
  • Irreversibility
29
Q

Filtration

A

USes a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid

30
Q

Distilation

A

Based on differences in the boiling points of the substances

31
Q

Centrifuge

A

Spinning that separates the composition of a mixture based on their density

32
Q

Decanting

A

Pouring a liquid off of a solid

33
Q

Chromatography

A

Based on the ability of each substance to travel or be drawn across a surface

Chemistry (11 decks)

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