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Unit VI terms > UNIT VI TERMS > Flashcards

UNIT VI TERMS Flashcards

1
Q

World war I

A

war fought mainly in Europe between the central powers and the Allies

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2
Q

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

A

heir to Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination in Sarajevo set in motion the events that started WWI

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3
Q

Triple Alliance

A

alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century

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4
Q

Central Powers

A

counter alliance to triple entente powers consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

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5
Q

Total War

A

military conflict where contenders are willing to make any sacrifice in lives and other resources to obtain a complete victory

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6
Q

Nationalism

A

loyalty and devotion to one’s nation that intensified European rivalries and independence movements pre-WWI

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7
Q

Self Determination

A

right of people in a region to choose their own political system and its leaders

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8
Q

Propaganda

A

info, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or pov

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9
Q

Armenians in Turkey

A

ethnic minority that was attacked and slaughtered by the Young Turk leaders who sought to transfer blame after setbacks on the Russian

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10
Q

Zimmerman telegram

A

a secret communication from the german foreign office that proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico if the US entered the war

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11
Q

Lenin and bolsheviks

A

russians and their leader that lead the Russian revolution

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12
Q

Bolshevik communist state

A

seized power and destroyed the tradition of tsarist rule and turned the government into communist-style

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13
Q

Global war

A

war that involves most of the principal nations of the world

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14
Q

treaty of versailles

A

peace document signed at the end of WWI by Allied powers and Germany

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15
Q

League of nations

A

international diplomatic and peace organization created in the Treaty of Versailles that ended WWI

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16
Q

Fourteen Points

A

declaration by US President Woodrow Wilson outlining his proposals for a postwar peace settlement

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17
Q

Mandate System

A

system established to administer former territories of the German and Ottoman empire

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18
Q

Totalianarism

A

system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state

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19
Q

Facism

A

way of organizing a society in which a government ruled by a dictator controls the lives of the people in which people are not allowed to disagree with the government

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20
Q

Nuremberg laws

A

placed severe restrictions on Jews, prohibited them from marrying non0Jews, attending school, holding government jobs, etc.

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21
Q

Kristallnacht

A

(Night of the broken glass) mobs throughout Germany destroyed jewish property and terrorized them

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22
Q

New Economic Plan

A

initiated by Lenin: combined the state establishing basic economic policies with individual initiative: allowed food production to recover

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23
Q

Five-Year Plan

A

introduced by Stalin to industrialize the Soviet union rapidly

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24
Q

New deal

A

US’ response to great depression: experimental combinations of reforms to start seeking economic growth

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25
Q

Porfirio Diaz

A

elected president of MX in 1876: imposed strong central government

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26
Q

Emiliano Zapata

A

Mexican revolutionary and military commander of peasant guerilla movement: removed Diaz from power

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27
Q

Lazaro Cardenas

A

President of MX: responsible for distribution of land: began program of primary and rural education

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28
Q

Turkish Nationalist Movement

A

revolutionary movement in Turkey that fought to oust Allied Powers

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29
Q

Axis Powers

A

the alignment of nations that fought in WWII against Allied forces (germany)

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30
Q

Yalta Conference

A

meeting between the US, United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union during WWII: agreed Germany would be divided into 4 post-war occupation zones

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31
Q

Potsdam conference

A

final wartime meeting between US, Britain and Soviet Union

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32
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces

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33
Q

Marshall plan

A

large scale American program to aid Europe: US gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after WWII

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34
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

mutual defense treaty between 8 communist states of eastern Europe during Cold War

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35
Q

Proxy Wars

A

local or regional wars in which the superpowers armed, trained and financed combatants

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36
Q

May Fourth Movement

A

popular 1919 uprising in China against Japanese interference and for Western-style government that featured intellectuals and students

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37
Q

Dr. Sun Yat-Sen

A

leader of Chinese revolutionaries who overthrew the Qing Dynasty and establish the Republic of China

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38
Q

CCP (Chinese communist party)

A

headed by Mao Zedong

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39
Q

Kuomintang

A

China’s nationalist political party founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1912 and based on democratic principles

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40
Q

Long March

A

6,000 miles historic retreat of Chinese communists

41
Q

Great Leap Forward

A

economic policy that proposed small-scale industrialization projects integrated into peasant communities

42
Q

cultural revolution

A

chaotic mass movement in China, to combat capitalist tendencies: claimed elitist were undermining the government and society

43
Q

Deng Xiaoping

A

communist leader who took power after Mao Zedong

44
Q

Amsitsar

A

city where amritsar massacre took place: turning point toward independence in India

45
Q

Salt March

A

passive resistance campaign of Mohandas Gandhi where many indians protested the British tax on salt by marching to the sea to make their own salt

46
Q

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

A

muslim nationalist in India: 1st president of Pakistan

47
Q

Jawaharlal Nehru

A

indian statesman: became india’s 1st prime minister

48
Q

Gamal Abdel Nasser

A

egyptian colonel and statesman that led coup against monarchy

49
Q

Suez Crisis

A

military attacks on Egypt by Britain, France, and Israel in 1956 after Egypt seized the Suez Canal from British admin

50
Q

Iranian Revolution

A

the overthrow of Shah Reza Pahlavi as a reaction in part to the modernization of the nation based on the west

51
Q

Kwame Nkrumah

A

ghanian nationalist leader who led the Gold Coast’s drive for independence from Britain

52
Q

FLN (National Liberation Front)

A

radical nationalist movement in Algeria

53
Q

Biafran Civil War

A

Civil war fought between the government of Nigeria and the now Republic of Biafra

54
Q

Pan-Africanism

A

the principle or advocacy of the political union of all indigenous inhabirtants of Africa

55
Q

Negritude

A

literary movement in Africa: attempted to combat racial stereotypes of African culture

56
Q

Idi Amin of Uganda

A

violent dictator in Uganda

57
Q

Balfour Declaration

A

public pledge by Britain declaring its aim to establish a “national home for the Jewish people” in Palestine

58
Q

PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization)

A

nationalist political and militant organization with the intial purpose of establishing Arab unity and statehood over Palestine

59
Q

Pan-Arabism

A

the principle or advocacy of political alliance or union of all arab states

60
Q

Augusto Pinochet

A

chilean military leader who deposed Salvador Allende in a coup

61
Q

Neocolonism

A

industrialized nations continued dominance of the world’s economy

62
Q

dollar ddiplomacy

A

a policy that controlled foreign markets peacefully by investing heavily in companies instead of forcefully controlling them

63
Q

Good neighbor policy

A

made by FDR to repair the US’ relationships with Latin America by helping a country gain economic stability then leaving a police force

64
Q

Sandinistas

A

members of a leftist coalition that attempted to install a socialist economy: overthrew Anatasia Somoza in Nicaragua

65
Q

PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party)

A

political party that dominated Mexico’s political life since 1929

66
Q

Liberation Theology

A

combined Catholic theology and socialist principles in effort to bring abt improved conditions for the poor in Latin America

67
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A

confrontation between US and Soviet over presence of missile sites in Cuba

68
Q

Detente

A

a releasing of tensions: also a period of improved relations between Soviet Union and US

69
Q

Richard Nixon

A

president of the US: ended arms race

70
Q

Leonid Brezhnen

A

leader of Soviet Union during height of the cold war

71
Q

economic liberation

A

free-market policy that became popular in the post-Cold War era, when countries’ governments removed their own political control over their markets

72
Q

Margaret Thatcher

A

conservative British prime minister: worked to cut welfare and housing expenses: promoted free enterprise

73
Q

Ronald Reagan

A

40th president of the US

74
Q

Mikhail Gorbachev

A

soviet statesman whose foreign policy brought an end to the Cold War: domestic policy introduced major reforms

75
Q

Asian tigers

A

(hong kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and south Korea) called that bc of rapid economic growth during 2nd half of 20th century

76
Q

European Economic Community

A

(Italy, France, West Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg) alliance dedicated to developing common trade policies and reduced tariffs

77
Q

IRA (Irish Republican army_

A

militant organization of Irish nationalists who used terrorism and guerilla warfare to drive British forces from Netherlands and achieve independent Ireland

78
Q

ETA (basque separatist movement)

A

terrorist organization by student activists who were dissatisfied with moderate nationals of traditional basque party

79
Q

Arab Spring

A

democratic uprisings that arose independently and spread across Arab World in 2011

80
Q

Apartheid

A

a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against non-whites

81
Q

Nelson Mandela

A

11th president of South Africa: spearheaded struggle against apartheid

82
Q

Tiananmen square

A

site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openess in 1989

83
Q

Three Gorges Dam

A

world’s largest dam in terms of water displacement flood control and power generation on Yangtze River, China

84
Q

New World Order

A

new period of history evidencing dramatic change in world political thought and the balance of power in international relations

85
Q

Persian Gulf Wars

A

1991 War fought between a coalition led by the US and Iraq to free Kuwait from Iraqi invaders

86
Q

Osama BIn Laden

A

founder of militant islamist organization al-Qaeda and mastermind of numerous terrorist attacks on US and other western powers

87
Q

Al-Qaeda

A

terrorist military organization composed of Islamic extremists and Salafist jihadists

88
Q

Taliban

A

strict muslim group in Afghanistan that has imposed rigid rules on society

89
Q

Saddam Hussein

A

Iraqi president: prime minister and head of armed forces

90
Q

Bosnia

A

historic region in Southeast Europe: independent in 1992

91
Q

Slobodan Milosevich

A

oversaw ethnic cleansing (genocide) in Yugoslavia/Bosnia in early 1990s

92
Q

Rwandan Genocide

A

killing of more than 500,000 ethnic Tutsies by rival Hutu militias in Rwanda

93
Q

darfur

A

province in West Sudan where Arab Sudanese displace and murdered the black Sudanese

94
Q

IMF (International monetary fund)

A

agency founded in 1044 to help restore financial order in Europe and the rest of the world, to revive international trade, and to support the financial concerns of 3rd world governments

95
Q

World Bank

A

a specialized agency of the UN that makes loans to countries for economic development, trade promotion and debt consolidation

96
Q

WTO (world trade organization(

A

monitors and enforces rules governing global trade

97
Q

Mercsur

A

largest Latin American trade agreement

98
Q

Greenpeace

A

an environmental organization founded in 1970 and dedicated to the preservation of earth’s natural resources

99
Q

Green Belt Movement

A

organized women in Kenya to plant trees to stop deforestation and soil erosion and provide more fuel for home cooking

Unit VI terms (2 decks)

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