Unit two: The Roman Republic

Question 1

Patricians

Answer 1

Upper class of the Republic; a collection of Elite families who hold seats in the senate.

Question 2

Plebeians

Answer 2

Everyone in Rome besides the Patricians; treated poorly for early Republic history despite some being very wealthy and influential.

Question 3

Clients

Answer 3

A Roman citizen who had responsibility given to them by a Roman government official in exchange for protection from the Roman official.

Question 4

Consul

Answer 4

Two elected officials who were responsible for making laws; they were elected for one year each.

Question 5

Tribunes of the Plebs (Tribuni Plebis)

Answer 5

Officers of the Plebs; in charge of defending plebs’ property and human rights.

Question 6

Imperium

Answer 6

The power to carry out Roman law and military affairs, this power was given to all Roman government officials (Ex; dictator).

Question 7

Veto (intercessio)

Answer 7

The ability to say no to a law proposed by another magistrate of equal or lower standing.

Question 8

Sacrosanctitas

Answer 8

The declaration of an object, place, etc. to be unbreakable because it is sacred.

Question 9

Praetor

Answer 9

A third colleague who worked alongside the consuls (after the Lextian - Sextian laws were passed) who had imperium.

Question 10

Provocatio

Answer 10

The right given to Roman citizens to appeal against the actions of the magistracy.

Question 11

Dictator

Answer 11

A patrician that can come into power during a “crisis” and pass whatever laws they want to.

Question 12

Secession

Answer 12

Emigration of Rome, most often by poorly treated plebs.

Question 13

Pontifex Maximus

Answer 13

The highest ranking religious official in Rome.

Question 14

Cursus Honorum

Answer 14

The prerequisites required before gaining political power.
1. Serve in the Military
2. Have been an Praetor

Question 15

Comitia Curiata

Answer 15

Election court, 30 lawmakers divided evenly between 3 regions each with a leader

Question 16

Comitia Centuriata

Answer 16

Hundred elections; elections for consuls, praetors, censors as well as war and peace treaties, all Roman citizens could vote.

Question 17

Comitia Tributa

Answer 17

35 tribes all of which oversaw monetary punishments; crimes punishable by fines

Question 18

Concilium Plebis

Answer 18

35 tribes made up of Plebians, was created in 287 BCE to give Plebians power in the government.

Question 19

Plebiseita

Answer 19

A law that was passed by the plebians in the magistry.

Question 20

The Expansion of Rome/ Conquest of Italy (3 stages)

Answer 20

1. Establishment of Rome, Capture of Veii, and Latin league
2. Samnite Wars + Latin war
3. Reduction of Etrusca and Southern Italy

Question 21

Laws of the 12 tables

Answer 21

A public display of the rights that each Roman citizen had.

Question 22

Lincian-Sextian Laws

Answer 22

Allowed plebs to vote and hold power in office.

Question 23

Struggle of the orders: Key Chronology

Answer 23

Begining: plebs are dirt boo
middle: spurius maleius you can marry the dirt now
end: lincian sextian laws ig your not dirt anymore so yay

In the beginning: Only patrician rule, plebs are seen as dirt and not worthy enough to be in government, middle: Pleb and Patrician marriage allowed, Spurius Maelius affair, end: Lincian - Sextian laws, Lex Hortensia allows plebs to enforce law and be a part of the government.

Question 24

Spurius Maelius Affair

Answer 24

Plebian who tried to gain power by feeding others during a famine. Was executed because Patricians; A) didn’t want a pleb in office, and B) thought he wanted to overthrow the government and become king. Used as an example to Plebs to scare them into “staying in their place”.

Question 25

Groups of People in Republic Era Italy

Answer 25

Etruscans, Greeks, Samnites , Latins and Celts

Question 26

Contact and conflict, colonization, conquest; how did Romans become so powerful as a republic?

Answer 26

They would colonize smaller regions and colonies and then force them into allyship in which they would use them for military power to go to the same over and over again.

Question 27

Status, treaties, alliances, friendship; how did the Romans go about friendship or alliances? How did they gain allies?

Answer 27

They gained allies by forcing them into submission. “If you can’t beat em join em”

Question 28

How do Roman and Latin colonies interact with one another before and after the second Punic War?

Answer 28

Roman colonies surrounded Latin colonies, after the war they were intertwined.

Question 29

Municipa

Answer 29

Towns with Roman citizenship but no right to vote. Shitty deal because they had to go into the military if needed and pay taxes but again can’t vote. Taxation without representation.

Question 30

Allies/ Roman’s “friends”

Answer 30

Defeated enemies whose choice was to join the Romans or die. “surrendering in good faith of the Roman people”

Question 31

What does Rome rely on for their manpower?

Answer 31

Defeated enemies turned into allies.

Question 32

Are Rome’s allies seen as equals to Romans?

Answer 32

NO - they are seen as people in debt who owe Rome military assistance.

Question 33

Are all Roman allyships on the same level of dependency? Or do they vary on a case-by-case basis?

Answer 33

Case by case basis depending on the severity of the defeat.

Question 34

Treaty of 509

Answer 34

In the first treaty between Carthage and Rome; both parties were not allowed to trespass on either property, not attack each other’s allies, and equal rights between the two.

Question 35

Treaty of 348

Answer 35

2nd treaty between Rome and Carthage; Carthage has all control of Punic ports.

Question 36

Treaty of 279

Answer 36

3rd treaty between Rome and Carthage, Carthage was forced to give Romans and unequal amount of land and power.

Question 37

Philinus treaty

Answer 37

Rome’s agreement not to enter Sicily and Carthage’s agreement not to set foot on the peninsula

Question 38

Recap of Phonecian colonization

Answer 38

10th century BCE; lots of town and trade, tons of tribute payments throughout all of the colonies.

Question 39

Carthage and the surrounding area

Answer 39

Located in both Europe and Africa, had lots of interaction and connections with Egypt and Etrucsa.

Question 40

Why is Sicily so important

Answer 40

It is incredibly fertile and developed for its time. Kind of the Jerusalem of all the ancient Latin empires and colonies.

Question 41

Tribute Payment

Answer 41

A payment of submission or alliance to a higher power/party. Ex) German reparations following WW1

Question 42

Punic Wars

Answer 42

a series of three conflicts involving the Roman Republic and the Empire of Carthage from 264 BCE until 146 BCE. F

Question 43

Illyrian Wars

Answer 43

3 wars that ended in Illyrian’s demise

Question 44

Macedonian Wars

Answer 44

The Macedonian Wars were a series of conflicts fought by the Roman Republic and its Greek allies in the eastern Mediterranean against several different major Greek kingdoms.

Question 45

Hannibal

Answer 45

Hannibal was a Carthaginian general and statesman who commanded the forces of Carthage in their battle against the Roman Republic during the 2nd Punic War

Question 46

Battle of Cannae

Answer 46

Hannibal’s army in cartage defeated a large number of Romans in the second Punic war