unit two test vocab Flashcards
reform movement originating in the 1820s that sought to eliminate the consumption of alcohol
temperance
belief that women, by virtue of their sex, should stay home as the moral guardians of family life
cult of domesticity
favoring the interests and cultures of native - born inhabitants over those of immigrants
nativist
-colonization founded in 1817 by anti-slavery reformers
-called for gradual emancipation and the removal of freed black people to africa
american colonization society
first national organization of abolitionists founded in 1833
american anti - slavery society
first convention for women’s equality in legal rights, held in upstate new york in 1848
seneca falls convention
the resolutions passed at the seneca falls convention of 1848 calling for full female equality, including the right to vote
declaration of sentiments
first anti - slavery political party formed in 1840
liberty party
a key concept in abolitionist and northern antislavery propaganda that depicted southern slaveholders as the driving force in political conspiracy to promote slavery at the expense of white liberties
slave power
one of the most important supreme court cases in history, established judicial review
marbury v madison
supreme court decision of 1810 that overturned a state law by ruling that it violated a legal contract
fletcher v peck
supreme court decision of 1819 that prohibited states from interfering with the privileges granted to a private corporation
dartmouth college v woodward
supreme court decision of 1819 that upheld the constitutional authority of congress to charter a national bank, and there by to regulate the nations currency and finances
mcculloch v maryland
the program of government subsidies favored by henry clay and his followers to promote american economic growth
american system
a national bank characterized by congress in 1816 with extensive regulatory power over currency and credit
second bank of the united states
the coercion of american sailors into the british navy
impressment
attack in 1807 by the british ship “leopard” on the American ship “chesapeake” in american territorial waters
chesapeake incident
act passed in 1807, prohibiting american ships from leaving for any foreign port
embargo act of 1807
series of religious revivals in the first half of the nineteenth century
second great awakening
-political party formed in the 1820’s
-led by andrew jackson
-favored states rights
-limited federal government
democratic party
the awarding of government jobs to party loyalists
spoils system
radical anti - slavery crusade committed to the immediate end of slavery that emerged in the three decades before the civil war
abolitionist movement
political party that was formed in the mid 1800’s, opposed andrew jackson and the democrats
whig party
sectional crisis in the early 1830’s in which a state’s rights party in south carolina attempted to nullify federal law
nullification crisis
legislation passed by Congress in 1830 that provided funds for removing and resettling eastern indians in the west and granted the president authority to use force if needed
indian removal act
the forced march in 1838 in which thousands of cherokees died throughout
trail of tears
short war in 1832, federal troops in illinois militia units defeated the sauk and fox indians, led by black hawk
black hawks war
struggle between andrew jackson vs supporters of the second bank
bank war
procedural rule passed in the house of representatives, prevented discussion of antislavery petition from 1836 - 1844
gag rule
a series of laws passed mainly in the southern colonies to defend the status of slaves and codify the denial of basic civil rights to them
anti slave code
the organization and supervision of slave field hands into working teams on southern plantations
gang system
slave revolt that failed gabriel prosser a slave preacher and blacksmith organized
gabriel prossers rebellion
the most carefully devised slave revolt in which rebels planned to seize control of Charleston in 1822
denmark veseys conspiracy
uprisings of slaves led by nat turner that resulted in the murder of 60 white people
nat turner’s rebellion
support system set up by antislavery groups in the upper south and the north to assist fugitive slaves in escaping the south
underground railroad
law passed that denies rights of citizenship to free black people
black codes
dramatic improvement in transportation that stimulated economic growth after 1815 by expanding the range of travel and reducing the time and cost of moving goods
transportation revolution
system of manufacturing, merchants furnished households with raw materials
putting out system
a technique of production pioneered in the US, relied on precision manufacturing with the use of interchangeable parts
american system of manufacturing
supreme court decision of 1824 that involved coastal commerce that overturned a steamboat monopoly granted in a corporate charter
gibbons v ogden
associations of urban workers who campaigned for free public education and a 10 hour workday
workingmens movement
a social structure based on the common ownership of property
communism
a social order based on government ownership of industry and worker control
socialism
a philosophical and literary movement centered on an idealistic belief
transcendentalism
