unit two part two (Davis's parts)

Question 1

(ch 13)what are characteristics of immediate and long-term individual responses to trauma and stressors

Answer 1

experiences that are extraordinary in intensity and severity; stresses well beyond the stress of daily life; expected to disrupt anyone’s life, not just people at risk for mental health problems

Question 2

(ch 13)what are risk factors of immediate and long-term individual responses to trauma and stressors

Answer 2

individual trauma/stressors such as abuse or illness;
group trauma/stressors such as war, terrorist attack, or natural disaster

Question 3

(ch 13)what are dynamics/ manifestations of immediate and long-term individual responses to trauma and stressors

Answer 3

all persons may experience anxiety, insomnia, difficult coping, grief; however most people are able to work through those experiences and return to usual levels of coping;
some individuals have difficultly coping, managing stress and emotions, and resuming daily activities and that’s when further complications may develop

Question 4

(ch 13)what are examples of further complications/illnesses that can develop of a person is unable to cope and move on

Answer 4

• adjustment disorder
• acute stress disorder
• PTSD
• dissociative disorder

Question 5

(ch 13)what is PTSD

Answer 5

a disturbing pattern of behavior demonstrated by someone who has experience, witnessed, or been confronted with a traumatic event, such as natural disaster, combat, or assault, that posed actual or threatened death or serious injury and resulted in intense fear, helplessness, and terror

Question 6

(ch 13)when do PTSD symptoms usually occur

Answer 6

3 months or more after the traumatic event

Question 7

(ch 13)what are examples of symptoms of PTSD

Answer 7

-re-experiencing the trauma through dreams or thoughts
-avoidance
-negative cognition
-being on guard
-emotional numbness
-irritability and hyper-arousal

Question 8

(ch 13)what type of patients are more likely to develop PTSD

Answer 8

adolescents

Question 9

(ch 13)what are factors that can cause an increased incidence of PTSD

Answer 9

-age
-gender
-type of trauma
-repeated trauma

Question 10

(ch 13)when suffering from PTSD, patients have increased risk for what

Answer 10

-suicide
-substance abuse
-poor social support
-academic problems
-poor physical health

Question 11

(ch 13)what is the most effective way to deal with PTSD

Answer 11

effectively dealing with the trauma soon after it occurs by having a person describe what they experiences or witnessed and if a person is reluctant to share what they are feeling, they are more likely to ignore their importance of self-worth and put them at an increased risk for future problems

Question 12

(ch 13)what is a subconscious defense mechanism that helps protect his or her emotional self from recognizing full effects of some horrific or traumatic event by allowing the mind to forget or remove itself from the painful situation or memory

Answer 12

dissociation

Question 13

(ch 13)what have the essential feature of a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or environmental perception that often interferes with a person’s personal relationships ability to function in daily life, ability to cope with the realities of the abusive or traumatic event

Answer 13

dissociative disorders

Question 14

(ch 13)what are types of dissociative disorders

Answer 14

-dissociative amnesia
-depersonalization/derealization disorder
-dissociative identity disorder

Question 15

(ch 13)what is when a person cannot remember important personal information and includes a fugue experience where the client suddenly moves to a anew geographic location with no memory of past and assumes new identity

Answer 15

dissociative amnesia

Question 16

(ch 13)what is when a client has a persistent or recurrent feeling of being detached from his or her mental processes or body or they have the sensation of being in a dream-like state in which the environment seems foggy or unreal

Answer 16

depersonalization/derealization disorder

Question 17

(ch 13)what is when they client displays 2 or more distinct identities or personality states that recurrently take control of his or her behavior and is accompanied by the inability to recall important personal information; often has a history of being abused as a child, maltreatment as a child, or sexually abused as a child

Answer 17

dissociative identity disorder

Question 18

(ch 13)what is the goal of treatment options for dissociative disorders and what are some examples of treatment

Answer 18

goal is to improve the quality of life and improve functional ability and reduce symptoms;
examples: medications, group or individual therapy

Question 19

(ch 14)what is a state of apprehension, dread, uneasiness, or uncertainty generated by a real or perceived threat whose actual source is unidentifiable

Answer 19

anxiety

Question 20

(ch 14)what is feeling afraid or threatened by a clearly identifiable external stimulus that represents danger

Answer 20

fear

Question 21

(ch 14)who experiences anxiety

Answer 21

all human beings; it is unavoidable in life

Question 22

(ch 14)when is anxiety considered a healthy adaptive reaction

Answer 22

when it alerts the person to impending threats and when it motivates the person to take action to solve a problem or resolve a crisis

Question 23

(ch 14)when is anxiety considered pathological

Answer 23

when it is disproportionate to the risk, continues after the threat no longer exists, and when it interferes with functioning

Question 24

(ch 14)what is stress

Answer 24

the wear and tear that life causes on the body; it occurs when a person has difficulty dealing with life situations; each person handles stress differently

Question 25

(ch 14)what is the general adaptation syndrome

Answer 25

an automatic physical reaction to stress mediated by the sympathetic nervous system

Question 26

(ch 14)what are the two distinct states of general adaptation syndrome

Answer 26

1) adaptive 2) maladaptive

Question 27

(ch 14)what are the three states of reaction to stress

Answer 27

1) alarm reaction stage (preparation for defense) 2) resistance stage (blood shunted to areas needed for defense) 3) exhaustion state (stores depleted; emotional components unresolved)

Question 28

(ch 14)what is when a patient: -associated with the tension of every day life -person is alert, perceptual field is increased, learning is facilitated -physiological responses are within normal limits -affect is positive (good thing)

Answer 28

mild anxiety

Question 29

(ch 14)what is when a person: -focus is on immediate concerns -the perceptual field is narrowed -low-level sympathetic nervous system arousal occurs -tension and fear are experiences (feels as if something is wrong and the person becomes agitated but can still process what is going on)

Answer 29

moderate anxiety

Question 30

(ch 14)what is when a person: -dread and terror -details are blown out of proportion -personality os disorganized and unable to function -physiological arousal interferes with motor activities -overwhelming emotions cause regression to primitive or childlike behaviors (the client may feel depersonalized and have derealization)

Answer 30

panic anxiety

Question 31

(ch 14)what is an intense illogical persistent fear of specific object or situation with a response that is out of proportion to the situation or circumstance

Answer 31

phobia

Question 32

(ch 14)what are categories of phobias

Answer 32

-agoraphobia -specific phobia -social anxiety or phobia

Question 33

(ch 14)what is thinking about a negative or challenging situation in a more positive way and involves identifying a lesson to be learned from a difficult situation

Answer 33

postive reframing

Question 34

(ch 14)what is based on the principle that we all have a right to express our thoughts, feelings, and needs to others, as long as we do so in a respectful way

Answer 34

assertiveness training

Question 35

(ch 14)what is an evidence-based therapy approach that combines relaxation techniques with gradual exposure to help you slowly overcome a phobia

Answer 35

systemic desensitization

Question 36

(ch 14)what is a technique in behavior therapy in which the individual is exposed directly to a maximum-intensity anxiety-producing situation or stimulus, either described or real, without any attempt made to lessen or avoid anxiety or fear during the exposure

Answer 36

flooding

Question 37

(ch 14)what is exposing the target patient to anxiety source without the intention to cause danger

Answer 37

exposure

Question 38

(ch 14)what is refraining from compulsion, avoidance, or escape behavior

Answer 38

response prevention

Question 39

(ch 14)what are the three types of anxiety and how do you want to treat them

Answer 39

1) reality anxiety 2) moral anxiety 3) neurotic anxiety you want to treat anxiety as a whole more than the specific types

Question 40

(ch 14)what are cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques that effectively are used for anxiety disorders

Answer 40

- postive reframing - decatastrophizing - assertiveness training

Question 41

(ch 14)what is decatastrophizing related to anxiety disorders

Answer 41

making more realistic appraisal of situation; dont diminish the feelings, just encourage the patient to assess their feelings (ex: is it as bad as you imagined?)

Question 42

(ch 15)what are recurrent, persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or impulses that cause marked anxiety and interfere with interpersonal, social, or occupational function

Answer 42

obsessions

Question 43

(ch 15)what are ritualistic or repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person carries out continuously to neutralize anxiety

Answer 43

compulsions

Question 44

(ch 15)when is OCD diagnosed

Answer 44

only when these thoughts, images, and impulses consume a person or compels them to act out the behaviors to a point at which they interfere with personal, social, or occupational functions

Question 45

(ch 15)what is when a person with thoughts know they are excessive or unreasonable but believe the have no control over them

Answer 45

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 46

(ch 15)what do the OCD spectrum include

Answer 46

1) self-soothing behaviors 2) reward-seeking behaviors 3) disorders of body appearance or function

Question 47

(ch 15)what are the three models of the etiology of OCD

Answer 47

1) cognitive 2) genetic 3) immune

Question 48

(ch 16)what are major behaviors of schizophrenia

Answer 48

-perceptions -thought (cognitive / process content) -affect (emotions) -motivation

Question 49

(ch 16)what are delusions

Answer 49

fixed, false beliefs that have no basis in reality

Question 50

(ch 16)what are loose associations

Answer 50

commonly demonstrated through fragmented/poorly regulated thoughts and ideas

Question 51

(ch 16)what is echolalia (think echo)

Answer 51

when the patient keeps repeating the same word

Question 52

(ch 16)what is word salad

Answer 52

stringing words together that aren't connected in any way

Question 53

(ch 16)what are ideas of reference

Answer 53

false impressions that during specific events has specific meaning to the person

Question 54

(ch 16)what is what a person feels is not in keeping with what one would normally expect

Answer 54

affect (emotions)

Question 55

(ch 16)what are examples of affect (emotions)

Answer 55

-blunted -flattened -inappropriate -over-responsive -labile

Question 56

(ch 16)what is when a person only has a few observable facial expressions

Answer 56

blunted

Question 57

(ch 16)what is when a person has no facial expressions

Answer 57

flattened

Question 58

(ch 16)what is when a person has affect that is incongruent with the context of the situation

Answer 58

inappropriate

Question 59

(ch 16)what is a big reaction to a situation

Answer 59

over-responsiveness

Question 60

(ch 16)what is when a person's expressions change rapidly and are all over

Answer 60

labile

Question 61

(ch 16)what is withdrawal

Answer 61

social isolation

Question 62

(ch 16)what is regression

Answer 62

-primitive level of functioning -adult person acting like a toddler -gone to an earlier level of functioning

Question 63

(ch 16)what is ambivalence

Answer 63

going back and forth between a love and hate feeling

Question 64

(ch 16)what are the three changed in motor behavior

Answer 64

1) catatonic 2) motor excitement 3) impulsive behavior

Question 65

(ch 16)what type of symptoms pertain to the thought component

Answer 65

positive symptoms

Question 66

(ch 16)what type of symptoms pertain to the affect or emotional component

Answer 66

negative symptoms