unit two part two (Davis's parts) Flashcards
(ch 13)what are characteristics of immediate and long-term individual responses to trauma and stressors
experiences that are extraordinary in intensity and severity; stresses well beyond the stress of daily life; expected to disrupt anyone’s life, not just people at risk for mental health problems
(ch 13)what are risk factors of immediate and long-term individual responses to trauma and stressors
individual trauma/stressors such as abuse or illness;
group trauma/stressors such as war, terrorist attack, or natural disaster
(ch 13)what are dynamics/ manifestations of immediate and long-term individual responses to trauma and stressors
all persons may experience anxiety, insomnia, difficult coping, grief; however most people are able to work through those experiences and return to usual levels of coping;
some individuals have difficultly coping, managing stress and emotions, and resuming daily activities and that’s when further complications may develop
(ch 13)what are examples of further complications/illnesses that can develop of a person is unable to cope and move on
- adjustment disorder
- acute stress disorder
- PTSD
- dissociative disorder
(ch 13)what is PTSD
a disturbing pattern of behavior demonstrated by someone who has experience, witnessed, or been confronted with a traumatic event, such as natural disaster, combat, or assault, that posed actual or threatened death or serious injury and resulted in intense fear, helplessness, and terror
(ch 13)when do PTSD symptoms usually occur
3 months or more after the traumatic event
(ch 13)what are examples of symptoms of PTSD
-re-experiencing the trauma through dreams or thoughts
-avoidance
-negative cognition
-being on guard
-emotional numbness
-irritability and hyper-arousal
(ch 13)what type of patients are more likely to develop PTSD
adolescents
(ch 13)what are factors that can cause an increased incidence of PTSD
-age
-gender
-type of trauma
-repeated trauma
(ch 13)when suffering from PTSD, patients have increased risk for what
-suicide
-substance abuse
-poor social support
-academic problems
-poor physical health
(ch 13)what is the most effective way to deal with PTSD
effectively dealing with the trauma soon after it occurs by having a person describe what they experiences or witnessed and if a person is reluctant to share what they are feeling, they are more likely to ignore their importance of self-worth and put them at an increased risk for future problems
(ch 13)what is a subconscious defense mechanism that helps protect his or her emotional self from recognizing full effects of some horrific or traumatic event by allowing the mind to forget or remove itself from the painful situation or memory
dissociation
(ch 13)what have the essential feature of a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or environmental perception that often interferes with a person’s personal relationships ability to function in daily life, ability to cope with the realities of the abusive or traumatic event
dissociative disorders
(ch 13)what are types of dissociative disorders
-dissociative amnesia
-depersonalization/derealization disorder
-dissociative identity disorder
(ch 13)what is when a person cannot remember important personal information and includes a fugue experience where the client suddenly moves to a anew geographic location with no memory of past and assumes new identity
dissociative amnesia
(ch 13)what is when a client has a persistent or recurrent feeling of being detached from his or her mental processes or body or they have the sensation of being in a dream-like state in which the environment seems foggy or unreal
depersonalization/derealization disorder
(ch 13)what is when they client displays 2 or more distinct identities or personality states that recurrently take control of his or her behavior and is accompanied by the inability to recall important personal information; often has a history of being abused as a child, maltreatment as a child, or sexually abused as a child
dissociative identity disorder
(ch 13)what is the goal of treatment options for dissociative disorders and what are some examples of treatment
goal is to improve the quality of life and improve functional ability and reduce symptoms;
examples: medications, group or individual therapy
(ch 14)what is a state of apprehension, dread, uneasiness, or uncertainty generated by a real or perceived threat whose actual source is unidentifiable
anxiety
(ch 14)what is feeling afraid or threatened by a clearly identifiable external stimulus that represents danger
fear
(ch 14)who experiences anxiety
all human beings; it is unavoidable in life
(ch 14)when is anxiety considered a healthy adaptive reaction
when it alerts the person to impending threats and when it motivates the person to take action to solve a problem or resolve a crisis
(ch 14)when is anxiety considered pathological
when it is disproportionate to the risk, continues after the threat no longer exists, and when it interferes with functioning
(ch 14)what is stress
the wear and tear that life causes on the body; it occurs when a person has difficulty dealing with life situations; each person handles stress differently
(ch 14)what is the general adaptation syndrome
an automatic physical reaction to stress mediated by the sympathetic nervous system
(ch 14)what are the two distinct states of general adaptation syndrome
1) adaptive
2) maladaptive
(ch 14)what are the three states of reaction to stress
1) alarm reaction stage (preparation for defense)
2) resistance stage (blood shunted to areas needed for defense)
3) exhaustion state (stores depleted; emotional components unresolved)
(ch 14)what is when a patient:
-associated with the tension of every day life
-person is alert, perceptual field is increased, learning is facilitated
-physiological responses are within normal limits
-affect is positive (good thing)
mild anxiety
(ch 14)what is when a person:
-focus is on immediate concerns
-the perceptual field is narrowed
-low-level sympathetic nervous system arousal occurs
-tension and fear are experiences
(feels as if something is wrong and the person becomes agitated but can still process what is going on)
moderate anxiety
(ch 14)what is when a person:
-dread and terror
-details are blown out of proportion
-personality os disorganized and unable to function
-physiological arousal interferes with motor activities
-overwhelming emotions cause regression to primitive or childlike behaviors
(the client may feel depersonalized and have derealization)
panic anxiety
(ch 14)what is an intense illogical persistent fear of specific object or situation with a response that is out of proportion to the situation or circumstance
phobia
(ch 14)what are categories of phobias
-agoraphobia
-specific phobia
-social anxiety or phobia
(ch 14)what is thinking about a negative or challenging situation in a more positive way and involves identifying a lesson to be learned from a difficult situation
postive reframing
(ch 14)what is based on the principle that we all have a right to express our thoughts, feelings, and needs to others, as long as we do so in a respectful way
assertiveness training
(ch 14)what is an evidence-based therapy approach that combines relaxation techniques with gradual exposure to help you slowly overcome a phobia
systemic desensitization
(ch 14)what is a technique in behavior therapy in which the individual is exposed directly to a maximum-intensity anxiety-producing situation or stimulus, either described or real, without any attempt made to lessen or avoid anxiety or fear during the exposure
flooding
(ch 14)what is exposing the target patient to anxiety source without the intention to cause danger
exposure
(ch 14)what is refraining from compulsion, avoidance, or escape behavior
response prevention
(ch 14)what are the three types of anxiety and how do you want to treat them
1) reality anxiety
2) moral anxiety
3) neurotic anxiety
you want to treat anxiety as a whole more than the specific types
(ch 14)what are cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques that effectively are used for anxiety disorders
- postive reframing
- decatastrophizing
- assertiveness training
(ch 14)what is decatastrophizing related to anxiety disorders
making more realistic appraisal of situation; dont diminish the feelings, just encourage the patient to assess their feelings (ex: is it as bad as you imagined?)
(ch 15)what are recurrent, persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or impulses that cause marked anxiety and interfere with interpersonal, social, or occupational function
obsessions
(ch 15)what are ritualistic or repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person carries out continuously to neutralize anxiety
compulsions
(ch 15)when is OCD diagnosed
only when these thoughts, images, and impulses consume a person or compels them to act out the behaviors to a point at which they interfere with personal, social, or occupational functions
(ch 15)what is when a person with thoughts know they are excessive or unreasonable but believe the have no control over them
obsessive-compulsive disorder
(ch 15)what do the OCD spectrum include
1) self-soothing behaviors
2) reward-seeking behaviors
3) disorders of body appearance or function
(ch 15)what are the three models of the etiology of OCD
1) cognitive
2) genetic
3) immune
(ch 16)what are major behaviors of schizophrenia
-perceptions
-thought (cognitive / process content)
-affect (emotions)
-motivation
(ch 16)what are delusions
fixed, false beliefs that have no basis in reality
(ch 16)what are loose associations
commonly demonstrated through fragmented/poorly regulated thoughts and ideas
(ch 16)what is echolalia (think echo)
when the patient keeps repeating the same word
(ch 16)what is word salad
stringing words together that aren’t connected in any way
(ch 16)what are ideas of reference
false impressions that during specific events has specific meaning to the person
(ch 16)what is what a person feels is not in keeping with what one would normally expect
affect (emotions)
(ch 16)what are examples of affect (emotions)
-blunted
-flattened
-inappropriate
-over-responsive
-labile
(ch 16)what is when a person only has a few observable facial expressions
blunted
(ch 16)what is when a person has no facial expressions
flattened
(ch 16)what is when a person has affect that is incongruent with the context of the situation
inappropriate
(ch 16)what is a big reaction to a situation
over-responsiveness
(ch 16)what is when a person’s expressions change rapidly and are all over
labile
(ch 16)what is withdrawal
social isolation
(ch 16)what is regression
-primitive level of functioning
-adult person acting like a toddler
-gone to an earlier level of functioning
(ch 16)what is ambivalence
going back and forth between a love and hate feeling
(ch 16)what are the three changed in motor behavior
1) catatonic
2) motor excitement
3) impulsive behavior
(ch 16)what type of symptoms pertain to the thought component
positive symptoms
(ch 16)what type of symptoms pertain to the affect or emotional component
negative symptoms